A study of anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility of cohesive soil under unconfined compression
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摘要:
近年来基坑、隧洞等开挖工程活动中的卸载导致黏性土体发生过大侧向变形，引起的工程事故越来越多。目前多采用测斜仪对基坑周围土体变形进行水平位移监测，然而由于软土的特殊工程性质，在监测中软土无法带动测斜仪一起变形，往往监测效果不尽人意，不能准确给出实际软土的真实变形。因此，需要加强开挖卸荷工程施工中土体的侧向变形监测技术研究工作。本文基于磁性矿物受荷载变形具有定向性特征，运用磁组构试验对无侧限压缩后的黏性土试样进行磁各向异性研究，同时与有侧限压缩试验变形测试结果进行比较，分析试验轴向应力、土样含水率对无侧限压缩条件下磁各向异性的影响规律，以及主磁化率值与应变的数学关系，探讨了由黏性土磁各向异性推求其受力变形规律的可行性。研究成果表明，受力作用的黏性土变形与其磁性矿物定向性具有较好的一致性。这一认识对于有效监测软土地区卸荷工程周围软土变形情况具有重要的理论意义和实际应用价值。
Abstract:In recent years, the unloading of excavation engineering activities such as foundation pits and tunnels has caused excessive lateral deformation of cohesive soil, which result in more and more engineering accidents. At present, the inclinometer is often used to monitor the horizontal displacement of the soil around the foundation pit. However, due to the special engineering properties of soft soil, the inclinometer cannot be driven to deform with the soft soil during monitoring. The effect of monitoring is often unsatisfactory and inaccurate to reflect the true deformation. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the research of lateral deformation monitoring technology of soil in the construction of excavation unloading engineering. In this paper, based on the directional characteristics of the deformation of magnetic minerals under loading, the magnetic fabric test is used to study the magnetic anisotropy of the cohesive soil sample after unconfined compression test and then to compare with the results of the confined one. The paper then discusses the mathematical relationship between the main magnetic susceptibility value and the strain as the consequence of the analysis of the influence of the axial stress and the moisture content of soil on the magnetic anisotropy under unconfined compression. Finally, the feasibility of the calculation of the law of force and the deformation from the magnetic anisotropy of the cohesive soil is explored. The research results show that the deformation of the cohesive soil under force has good consistency with its orientation of magnetic mineral. This understanding has important theoretical significance and practical application value for effectively monitoring the deformation of soft soil around unloading projects in soft soil areas.
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Key words:
- unconfined compression /
- lateral deformation /
- moisture content /
- magnetic anisotropy
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表 1 软土的物理力学性质指标
Table 1. Physical parameters of the soil
天然含
水率w/%天然
孔隙比e重度
γ/（kN·m−3）液性
指数IL内摩
擦角φ/（°）黏聚力
c/kPa39.9 1.130 17.7 1.68 5.4 11.9 
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表 2 粒径分布
Table 2. Particle size distribution
粒径/mm 0.075～0.25 0.05～0.075 0.005～0.05 0.002～0.005 <0.002 含量/% 6.8 9.5 60.3 9.3 14.2
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表 3 不同含水率无侧限压缩试样加载方案
Table 3. Loading scheme of soil samples with different moisture contents
试样编号 含水率/% 轴向应力/ kPa 1-1 20 12.5 1-2 12.5—50 1-3 12.5—50—100 2-1 24 12.5 2-2 12.5—50 2-3 12.5—50—100 3-1 26 12.5 3-2 12.5—50 3-3 12.5—50—100 4-1 28 12.5 4-2 12.5—50 4-3 12.5—50—100
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表 4 有侧限压缩试样加载方案
Table 4. Loading scheme of soil samples under confined compression conditions
试样编号 加载方式/kPa 有侧限加载 C1 25—50—100—200—400 C2 25—50—100—200—400—800 C3 25—50—100—200—400—800—1600 有侧限卸载 C4 25—50—100—200—400—800—1600—200 C5 25—50—100—200—400—800—1600—400 C6 25—50—100—200—400—800—1600—800
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表 5 无侧限压缩试样磁各向异性基本参数
Table 5. Parameters of magnetic anisotropy for soil samples under unconfined compression
含水率/% 轴向应力/kPa 磁各向异性度Pj 磁线理度L 磁面理度F 形状参数T 20 12.5 1.023 1.001 1.019 0.853 50.0 1.026 1.001 1.022 0.894 100.0 1.028 1.001 1.024 0.910 24 12.5 1.024 1.003 1.019 0.747 50.0 1.031 1.001 1.025 0.950 100.0 1.037 1.001 1.031 0.907 26 12.5 1.027 1.001 1.023 0.898 50.0 1.033 1.003 1.027 0.818 100.0 1.040 1.001 1.034 0.952 28 12.5 1.038 1.002 1.032 0.905 50.0 1.042 1.001 1.036 0.944 100.0 1.044 1.002 1.037 0.901
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表 6 幂指数α
Table 6. Power exponent (α) values
含水率/% 轴向应力/kPa K1/K3 L1/L3 α 20 12.5 1.018 49.749 0.0046 50 1.021 8.166 0.0099 100 1.023 4.547 0.0150 24 12.5 1.016 9.334 0.0071 50 1.024 4.514 0.0157 100 1.030 3.414 0.0240 26 12.5 1.022 5.856 0.0123 50 1.024 3.75 0.0179 100 1.033 2.565 0.0344 28 12.5 1.030 2.926 0.0275 50 1.035 2.315 0.0409 100 1.035 2.084 0.0468
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