Evolution characteristics of total dissolved solids in the groundwater level funnel area in the Hufu piedmont plain
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摘要:
为揭示滹滏平原漏斗核心区地下水溶解性总固体（TDS）增大对水位下降的响应特征以及驱动TDS增大的主要化学组分，应用地学数理统计分析、时间序列异变分析和GIS空间特征分析技术，分析了近50年（1972—2017）研究区地下水水位埋深、TDS及化学组分变化特征。结果表明：（1）随着水位降幅变化，地下水TDS增幅具有阶段性变化特征，在漏斗形成初期（1972—1980年），地下水水位年均降幅最大，TDS年均增幅也最大；中期（1981—2000年）地下水水位年均降幅最小，TDS年均增幅也最小；末期（2001—2017年）地下水水位年均降幅居中，TDS年均增幅也居中。（2）随着水位埋深增大，漏斗核心区地下水水位埋深大小对TDS增大影响呈递减效应。漏斗形成初期水位埋深9.10～23.20 m，中期水位埋深13.40～42.28 m，末期水位埋深21.41～50.29 m，漏斗核心区地下水水位年均降幅每增大1.0 m条件下，TDS年均增幅分别增大21.96 ，13.54 ，12.32 mg/L。（3）自初期、中期至末期，地下水中Na+、
${\rm{SO}}_4^{2-} $ ${\rm{HCO}}_3^- $ Abstract:In order to reveal the response characteristics of total dissolved solids (TDS) increase to groundwater level decline and the main chemical components that drive TDS to increase in the core area of the groundwater level funnel in the Hufu piedmont plain, geological statistical analysis, time series variation analysis and GIS spatial feature analysis technology are applied to analyze the variation characteristics of groundwater level depth, TDS and chemical compositions in the study area in the past 50 years (1972-2017). The results show that (1) the increase of TDS is characterized by stages along with the decrease of groundwater levels. In the initial stage of the funnel formation (1972-1980), the annual decrease of groundwater levels was the largest, and the annual increase of groundwater TDS was also the largest. In the middle period (1981-2000), the average annual decrease of groundwater level was the lowest, and the average annual increase of groundwater TDS was also the lowest. At the end of the period (2001-2017), the average annual decline of groundwater level was in the middle, and the average annual increase of groundwater TDS was also in the middle. (2) The influence of groundwater level on the increasing TDS presents a decreasing effect with the increase of the depth of groundwater level. For each increase of groundwater level of 1.0 m, the average growth rate of groundwater TDS increased by 21.96 mg/L at the initial stage of the funnel formation (the groundwater level buried depth ranged from 9.10 m to 23.20 m), the average growth rate of groundwater TDS increased by 13.54 mg/L at the middle stage (the groundwater level buried depth ranged from 13.40 m to 42.28 m), and the average growth rate of groundwater TDS increased by 12.32 mg/L at the end stage (the groundwater level buried depth ranged from 21.41 m to 50.29 m). (3) The increase of concentrations of Na+ and
${\rm{SO}}_4^{2-} $ ${\rm{SO}}_4^{2-} $ ${\rm{HCO}}_3^- $ -
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表 1 漏斗形成不同时期地下水水位变化特征
Table 1. Characteristics of groundwater level changes in different stages of the funnel formation
漏斗形成阶段 地下水水位年均降幅特征值 Ⅰ区水位年均
降幅/mⅡ区 Ⅲ区 水位年均
降幅/m与Ⅰ区水位年均降幅的比值 水位年均
降幅/m与Ⅰ区水位年均降幅的比值 初期
（1972—1980年）最小值 −0.76 −0.30 2.53 −0.17 4.47 最大值 −2.54 −2.39 1.06 −1.73 1.47 平均值 −1.68 −1.57 1.07 −1.13 1.49 中期
（1981—2000年）最小值 −0.30 −0.14 2.14 −0.20 1.50 最大值 −0.88 −0.87 1.01 −1.04 0.85 平均值 −0.63 −0.43 1.47 −0.52 1.21 末期
（2001—2017年）最小值 −0.66 −0.25 2.64 −0.24 2.75 最大值 −1.15 −1.14 1.01 −1.02 1.13 平均值 −0.94 −0.56 1.68 −0.75 1.25 注：负值表示水位下降，初、中、末期分别相对1972年、1980年和2000年地下水水位的年均降幅。 
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表 2 研究区漏斗形成不同时期地下水TDS演变特征
Table 2. Characteristic of groundwater salinity changes in different stages of the funnel formation
漏斗形成阶段 地下水TDS
及年均增幅特征值Ⅰ区TDS Ⅱ区 Ⅲ区 TDS 与Ⅰ区
的比值TDS 与Ⅰ区
的比值初期
（1973—1980年）TDS/（mg·L−1） 最小值 471 634 0.74 342 1.38 最大值 997 954 1.05 613 1.63 平均值 736 737 1.00 518 1.42 年均增幅/（mg·L−1） 最小值 26.53 24.58 1.08 5.09 5.21 最大值 49.51 47.86 1.03 30.69 1.61 平均值 36.04 35.00 1.03 23.34 1.54 中期
（1981—2000年）TDS/（mg·L−1） 最小值 625 711 0.88 462 1.35 最大值 1231 1353 0.91 738 1.67 平均值 913 933 0.98 626 1.46 年均增幅/（mg·L−1） 最小值 2.50 3.87 0.65 2.64 0.95 最大值 18.33 19.97 0.92 7.82 2.34 平均值 8.88 9.81 0.91 5.40 1.64 末期
（2001—2017年）TDS/（mg·L−1） 最小值 828 804 1.03 700 1.18 最大值 1379 1729 0.80 897 1.54 平均值 1064 1087 0.98 804 1.32 年均增幅/（mg·L−1） 最小值 4.65 1.51 3.08 3.11 1.50 最大值 24.32 26.87 0.91 27.14 0.90 平均值 10.79 10.97 0.98 12.91 0.84 注：初期、中期和末期地下水TDS年均增幅的初值分别为1973年、1980年和2000年研究区相应监测点地下水TDS监测值。
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表 3 漏斗核心区地下水TDS与主要化学组分相关性
Table 3. Correlation between TDS and main chemical components in the funnel core area
主要化学组分 与TDS相关系数（R2） 初期 中期 末期 Na+ 0.20 0.37 0.16 Ca2+ 0.63 0.72 0.68 Mg2+ 0.56 0.55 0.38 Cl− 0.22 0.37 0.37 
0.16 0.23 0.04 
0.20 0.18 0.17
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表 4 不同时期地下水TDS增幅中主要化学组分增幅贡献比率
Table 4. Variation characteristics of the increment contribution ratio of main chemical components in groundwater salinity increment in different periods
漏斗形成阶段 水化指标 TDS Na+ Ca2+ Mg2+ 
Cl− 化学组分含量比值 r1 r2 r3 r4 初期（1972—1980年） 增幅/（mg·L−1） 324 17 45 16 94 70 80 2.21 0.28 0.26 0.30 占TDS增幅比率/% / 5.14 14.10 5.13 29.17 21.63 24.84 中期（1981—2000年） 增幅/（mg·L−1） 175 11 24 8 49 41 42 1.89 0.33 0.28 0.35 占TDS增幅比率/% / 6.27 13.86 4.46 27.89 23.60 23.93 末期（2001—2017年） 增幅/（mg·L−1） 151 15 20 6 40 37 33 1.45 0.42 0.44 0.43 占TDS增幅比率/% / 9.98 13.07 4.17 26.68 24.14 21.96 注：r1为（Ca2++Mg2+）和 
当量浓度比值，r2为Na+和Ca2+当量浓度比值，r3为
和
当量浓度比值，r4为Na+和
当量浓度比值。
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