Characteristics and comprehensive evaluation of important geological heritage resources in Tianjin
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摘要:
地质遗迹是自然资源的重要组成部分，妥善处理好高城镇化水平区域的地质遗迹保护与利用的关系，是推动地质文化村建设和新型城镇化高质量发展的生态措施之一。天津市的地质遗迹保护与利用工作因存在调查程度低、家底不尽清晰、分类方案不够规范、缺乏整体评价等问题，未能有效开展。基于对天津市全域地质遗迹调查的最新数据和对以往调查成果的整合梳理，按照《地质遗迹调查规范》（DZ/T 0303—2017）对天津市的地质遗迹进行了类型划分，对其科研价值、观赏价值、保护价值进行了定性分析，采用专家打分和层次分析相结合的方法进行定量评价和等级划分。研究结果表明：天津市重要地质遗迹可分为基础地质、地貌景观和地质灾害等3大类；发育有地层剖面、重要岩矿石产地、岩土体地貌、构造地貌、水体地貌、海岸地貌以及地质灾害遗迹等7类；进一步可分为层型（典型剖面）、典型矿床类露头、侵入岩地貌、碎屑岩地貌、碳酸盐岩地貌、湿地、飞来峰、断层崖、海积地貌、地面沉降等10亚类。通过综合分级评价，认为其中达到世界级标准的有4处，国家级3处，省级8处。上述研究结果可为天津市地质遗迹保护与科学利用提供参考。
Abstract:Geological heritage is an important part of natural resources. Properly handling the relationship between protection and utilization of geological heritage in a high urbanization level area is one of the ecological measures to promote the high-quality development of new urbanization. However, the low level of geological heritage survey, unclear family background, lack of standard classification scheme and overall evaluation restrict the effective development of geological heritage protection and utilization in Tianjin. Based on the latest data of the whole Tianjin geological heritage survey, and through the integration of previous geological heritage survey results, this paper classifies the types of geological heritage according to the Specification for Geological Heritage Survey （DZ/T 0303—2017）. The scientific research value, ornamental value and protection value are qualitatively analyzed, and the quantitative evaluation and grade division are carried out by combining expert scoring and AHP. According to the classification scheme in the Specification for Geological Heritage Survey （DZ/T 0303—2017）, the important geological heritages in Tianjin are divided into 3 main categories: basic geological category, geomorphic landscape category and geological disasters, 7 categories: stratigraphic section, important rock and ore producing areas, rock and soil geomorphology, structural geomorphology, water geomorphology, coastal geomorphology and geological disaster heritages, 10 subclasses: stratotype (typical section), typical deposit outcrop, intrusive rock landform, clastic rock landform, carbonate rock landform, wetland, klippe, fault cliff, marine landform and land subsidence. The comprehensive evaluation and analysis indicate that there are 4 world-level, 3 national-level and 8 provincial-level geological heritages in Tianjin. The above research is expected to provide references for the protection and utilization of geological heritages in Tianjin.
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表 1 天津市重要地质遗迹点一览表
Table 1. List of important geological sites in Tianjin
大类 类 亚类 遗迹名称 出露规模/km2 基础地
质大类地层剖面 层型 蓟县剖面（即中新元
古界标准剖面）8.9 重要岩矿石产地 典型矿床类露头 锰方硼石矿床 − 地貌景
观大类水体地貌 湿地 七里海湿地 68 北大港湿地 349 团泊洼湿地 60 大黄堡湿地 112 海岸地貌 海积地貌 渤海湾贝壳堤 − 渤海湾牡蛎礁 − 天津沿海滩涂 370 岩土体
地貌侵入岩地貌 盘山花岗岩地貌 12 碎屑岩地貌 蓟州区石英砂岩峰
林峡谷地貌24 碳酸盐岩地貌 九龙山碳酸盐岩地貌 5 构造地貌 飞来峰 府君山飞来峰地貌 3 断层崖 黄崖关断崖地貌 12 地质灾
害大类地质灾害
遗迹地面沉降 天津市地面沉降 5150 
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表 2 天津市地质遗迹评价指标、权重及因子含义
Table 2. The evaluation indexes, weights and factor meanings of geological heritage in Tianjing
评价综合层 权重 评价项目层 权重 评价因子层 权重 因子含义 地质遗迹价值 0.581 观赏价值 0.154 稀有性 0.062 在国内外出现的几率 奇特性 0.037 形态特征特殊性 完整性 0.027 自然状态、保存状况 愉悦度 0.028 艺术、造型的美观程度 科学价值 0.289 科学研究 0.171 科学研究程度 科普教育 0.118 科普教育程度 文化价值 0.138 历史文化 0.054 历史文化价值 宗教传说 0.084 宗教民俗价值 地质遗迹规模与组合 0.257 遗迹规模 0.130 遗迹面积 0.058 遗迹面积大小 宏伟程度 0.072 遗迹的数量与密度 地域组合 0.127 多样性 0.082 地质遗迹特征点的丰富程度 协调性 0.045 不同遗迹之间的配合程度 地质遗迹外部因素 0.162 资源影响力 0.107 社会认知度 0.056 社会对地质遗迹的认知程度 社会影响力 0.051 地质遗迹对人们的影响程度 环境状况 0.055 环境质量与安全性 0.033 生态环境质量、自然或人为威胁因素 生态旅游环境承载力 0.022 能承受的最大生态旅游活动强度
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表 3 天津市重要地质遗迹评价等级
Table 3. Evaluation grade of important geological heritages in Tianjin
评价等级 地质遗迹名称 世界级 蓟县剖面（即中新元古界标准剖面）、锰方硼石矿床、渤海湾贝壳堤、渤海湾牡蛎礁 国家级 七里海湿地、天津市沿海滩涂、天津市地面沉降 省级 盘山花岗岩地貌、蓟州区石英砂岩峰林峡谷地貌、九龙山碳酸盐岩地貌、府君山飞来峰地貌、黄崖关断崖地貌、北大港湿地、团泊洼湿地、大黄堡湿地
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