胶东典型花岗岩热储地下热水水化学特征及热储研究

王晓翠; 孙海龙; 袁星芳

doi:10.16030/j.cnki.issn.1000-3665.202106049

胶东典型花岗岩热储地下热水水化学特征及热储研究

1.
中国科学院地球化学研究所环境地球化学国家重点实验室, 贵州贵阳　550081

2.
青岛大学环境科学与工程学院, 山东青岛　266071

3.
山东省第六地质矿产勘察院, 山东威海　264209

基金项目: 环境地球化学国家重点实验室开放课题（SKLEG2021215）；山东省自然科学基金项目（ZR2021QD065）；山东省第六地质矿产勘查院基金项目（KY2019012）

详细信息

作者简介: 王晓翠（1988-），女，博士，讲师，主要从事水文地质、地下热水成因研究工作。E-mail：stu_wxcui@126.com

中图分类号: P314

收稿日期: 2021-06-22

修回日期: 2021-12-22

录用日期: 2021-12-22

刊出日期: 2022-09-15

A study of the hydrochemical characteristics and geothermal water of typical granite geothermal reservoir in the Jiaodong area

1.
State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, Guizhou　550081, China

2.
School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong　266071, China

3.
No. 6 Institute of Geology and MineralResources Exploration of Shandong Province, Weihai, Shandong　264209, China

Received Date: 22 June 2021

Revised Date: 22 December 2021

Accepted Date: 22 December 2021

Publish Date: 15 September 2022

摘要

摘要:
招远地热田位于胶东隆起区，元古代蚀变花岗岩分布广泛，地下热水微量元素丰富。为查明地下热水微量组分的赋存条件、花岗岩热储环境与地热资源量，利用地下热水水化学分析、热储分析及有效能源换算法，建立Gibbs模型，进行PHREEQC模拟并开展热储估算。研究结果显示：（1）地下热水水化学类型为Cl—Na型，与海水水化学类型一致，地下热水溶解性固体总量（TDS）介于1359.7~5302.0 mg/L，锶、溴、偏硅酸等微量组分的质量浓度分别达26.20，7.50，88.00 mg/L，均超过国家医疗热矿水水质标准；（2）地热田东北方向的玲珑花岗岩中锶的质量分数较高，介于334~1 805 mg/kg，是地下热水中锶的一个重要来源；（3）热储温度在107~215 °C之间，硅-焓图解法分析冷水混入比例为33.6%~58.9%。结果显示：40~60 °C的总可用能源19.73 TJ/a，总热能达5479.57 MW·h，吨油当量471.16 toe；>60 °C的总可用能源301.57 TJ/a，总热能达83771.53 MW·h，吨油当量为7203.06 toe。综合分析认为研究区地热资源丰富，地下热水微量组分来源于花岗岩热储层的溶滤作用，富集过程受热储环境的影响，研究结果有助于完善地下热水水-岩相互作用理论。
- 地下热水 /
- 微量元素 /
- 热储 /
- 地热能 /
- 水-岩相互作用
Abstract:
Zhaoyuan is located in Jiaodong uplift zone. Proterozoic altered granites are widely distributed. The trace elements are enriched in geothermal fields. In order to ascertain the occurrence conditions of the trace components, the granite geothermal reservoir and geothermal resources. We use hydrochemical analysis, reservoir temperature analysis and effective energy conversion methods, establish Gibbs model, PHREEQC model, reservoir estimation, and obtain the occurrence conditions and reservoir environment of trace components of thermal water. The results show that (1) Zhaoyuan geothermal water, similar to seawater, is Cl—Na type. The total dissolved solids (TDS) of geothermal water ranges from 1359.7 mg/L to 5302.0 mg/L, and the mass concentrations of strontium, bromine and metasilicic acid are 26.20, 7.50 and 88.00 mg/L, respectively, which exceed the national medical thermal mineral water quality standards. (2) The Linglong granite in the northeast of the geothermal field has high strontium content, ranging from 334 mg/kg to 1 805 mg/kg, which is an important source of strontium. (3) The reservoir temperature of geothermal field is between 107 °C and 215 °C, and the mixing proportion of cold water is between 33.6% and 58.9% calculated from silicon enthalpy diagram. The calculation results indicate that available energy is 19.73 TJ/a, 5479.57 MW·h and 471.16 toe between 40 and 60 °C. The total available energy is 301.57 TJ/a, 83771.53 MW·h, and 7203.06 toe over 60 °C. The trace components come from lixiviation between strontium-rich granite surrounding rock and groundwater. The enrichment process of trace elements is affected by geothermal reservoir. This study may provide a better understanding of the characteristics of geothermal water in the granite thermal reservoirs, and enrich and promote the theory of geothermal water-rock interactions.
- geothermal water /
- trace components /
- reservoir temperature /
- geothermal energy /
- water-rock interaction

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图 1 招远地区地质地貌及取样点简图

Figure 1.

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图 2 招远地区地下冷水与地下热水Piper图

Figure 2.

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图 3 招远地区地下热水Gibbs图

Figure 3.

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图 4 招远地区地下热水SiO₂温标分布图^{[5-8, 22-27]}

Figure 4.

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图 5 招远地区地下热水ρ (SiO₂)-焓值模型

Figure 5.

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图 6 招远地区地下热水硅-焓方程模型

Figure 6.

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图 7 Z14地下热水点矿物SI-温度图

Figure 7.

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表 1 研究区地下热水组分质量浓度、TDS、碱度及计算获得的$P_{\rm{CO_2}} $

Table 1. Mass concentration of constituents, TDS, alkalinity and calculated $P_{\rm{CO_2}} $ of 15 samples

水样	ρ() /（mg·L⁻¹）	ρ /（mg·L⁻¹）	ρ() /（mg·L⁻¹）	ρ() /（mg·L⁻¹）	/（mg·L⁻¹）	/（mg·L⁻¹）	ρ(SiO₂) /（mg·L⁻¹）	TDS /（mg·L⁻¹）	碱度 /（mg·kg⁻¹ CaCO₃）	电荷平衡 /%	/Pa
S1	11100.0	1150.0	353.0	19400.0	2280.0	104.0	0.6	34800.0	109.0	1.06	69
Z1	1575.8	10.1	240.9	2664.8	99.6	252.2	—	4717.3	200.3	0.15	9300
Z2	1618.1	5.1	231.4	2731.8	123.4	149.4	60.0	4853.9	128.1	0.03	730
Z3	1748.7	12.5	251.6	2990.1	125.7	146.3	88.0	5302.0	113.4	0.11	1400
Z4	1731.4	1.8	253.1	2922.1	116.4	186.7	80.0	5206.9	156.5	0.01	1300
Z5	1343.1	9.3	224.8	2236.3	119.8	281.8	55.0	4136.4	200.5	0.46	3800
Z6	455.3	3.9	55.2	587.7	52.8	308.7	46.0	1359.7	253.1	0.03	580
Z7	1449.6	35.7	270.9	2596.0	80.4	275.8	28.8	4603.2	223.2	0.05	560
Z8	968.2	63.1	189.9	1765.3	93.4	291.9	15.0	3256.6	248.2	0.02	1400
Z9	1647.5	11.4	238.4	2788.2	112.1	202.0	60.0	4970.1	167.3	0.02	630
Z10	1766.5	16.6	251.1	2961.1	122.2	266.8	24.0	5286.3	222.0	0.01	750
Z11	773.6	8.4	74.9	1144.1	76.2	242.0	48.0	2253.4	204.0	0.14	270
Z12	1398.7	26.3	218.9	2360.6	94.0	316.1	15.0	4277.8	268.4	0.03	1900
Z13	100.6	56.2	98.9	1155.9	494.6	313.0	—	2172.6	252.7	4.80	1800
Z14	1188.0	4.2	162.1	1924.7	346.8	224.1	85.7	4027.5	181.9	1.80	1200

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表 2 Z14热水点矿物的SI

Table 2. SI of minerals of sample Z14

矿物名称	SI	矿物名称	SI	矿物名称	SI
钠长石	−1.52	温石棉	−1.86	羟基磷灰石	1.28
硬石膏	−0.83	CO₂(g)	−1.55	伊利石	−2.22
钙长石	−2.88	白云石	0.03	钾长石	−0.96
文石	0.54	毒重石	−2.81	云母	2.87
重晶石	0.40	Fe(OH)₃(a)	−0.16	高岭石	−0.47
钙蒙脱石	−2.05	萤石	−0.01	石英	0.33
方解石	0.65	水铝矿	−1.07	菱锰矿	−0.11
天青石	0.00	石膏	−1.09	锶长石	0.12
玉髓	0.04	石盐	−4.38	滑石	2.52
绿泥石	−0.26	锰矿	−1.35

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表 3 硅-焓法计算获得的参数

Table 3. Parameters calculated with the silicon enthalpy method

热水	温度/℃	考虑蒸汽损失的热储温度/℃	不考虑蒸汽损失热储温度/℃	蒸汽损失量/%	冷水比例/%	热储温度/℃
Z2	88	107.23	126.00	18.5	33.6	125.73
Z3	87	119.11	171.33	28.5	53.9	172.65
Z4	79	119.87	170.12	29.6	58.9	172.25
Z5	81	106.40	123.96	15.2	39.3	125.33
Z6	34	134.17	217.11	35.5	90.2	215.71
Z7	26	119.49	170.57	28.1	92.2	167.42
Z9	60	117.45	164.44	27.7	70.0	167.90
Z10	35	—	92.10	—	74.4	97.08
Z11	44	121.91	180.34	32.6	81.6	176.60
Z14	82	121.54	173.83	29.7	58.6	176.11

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表 4 地下热水点基本参数及地热能指标

Table 4. Parameters of the geothermal water and geothermal energy indexes

水样点	井深/m	水头/m	F_avg~F_max/（kg·s^–1）	T_i/℃	T_o/℃	C/MW_t	E/（TJ·a^–1）
Z1	347.0	65.9	3.9~5.1	64	20	0.94	26.16
Z2	218.1	—	3.9~8.9	88	20	2.52	57.21
Z3	252.5	—	9.7~30.0	92	83	1.13	23.58
Z4	400.0	61.2	17.2~26.3	79	75	0.44	11.47
Z5	400.0	66.3	3.7~4.9	100	81	0.40	11.03
Z6	280.0	65.9	6.7~13.2	46	34	0.67	15.78
Z7	200.0	59.3	0.8~0.8	32	26	0.02	0.62
Z8	223.7	66.2	0.5~0.5	23	20	0.01	0.18
Z9	280.4	62.4	1.8~3.7	60	54	0.09	2.18
Z10	226.6	61.4	1.2~1.3	35	33	0.01	0.34
Z11	360.0	62.8	0.8~1.5	44	32	0.07	1.77
Z12	270.1	59.9	1.1~1.2	22	18	0.02	0.60
Z13	81.8	39.8	2.8~2.8	99	20	0.92	29.07
Z14	248.0	63.1	20.8~20.8	82	30	4.54	143.05

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表 5 招远温泉不同温度范围地热能潜力

Table 5. Geothermal potential of the hot springs in various temperature ranges in the Zhaoyuan area

温度/℃	C/MW_t	E/（TJ·a^–1）	A	热能换算电能/（MW·h）	吨油当量/toe
<40	0.06	1.74	0.98	482.02	41.45
40~60	0.83	19.73	0.75	5479.57	471.16
>60	10.89	301.57	0.88	83771.53	7203.06

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胶东典型花岗岩热储地下热水水化学特征及热储研究

1. 中国科学院地球化学研究所环境地球化学国家重点实验室, 贵州 贵阳 550081 2. 青岛大学环境科学与工程学院, 山东 青岛 266071 3. 山东省第六地质矿产勘察院, 山东 威海 264209

作者简介: 王晓翠（1988-），女，博士，讲师，主要从事水文地质、地下热水成因研究工作。E-mail：stu_wxcui@126.com

A study of the hydrochemical characteristics and geothermal water of typical granite geothermal reservoir in the Jiaodong area

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目录

1.
中国科学院地球化学研究所环境地球化学国家重点实验室, 贵州贵阳　550081

2.
青岛大学环境科学与工程学院, 山东青岛　266071

3.
山东省第六地质矿产勘察院, 山东威海　264209