A study of the disaster model and movement process simulation of debris flow in the Zhixi River of Deqin County
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摘要:
云南省德钦县曾多次暴发较大规模的泥石流，是云南遭受地质灾害最严重的地区之一。根据直溪河泥石流的分区、物源、流体和堆积等特征，首先确定了直溪河泥石流的5种成灾模式：崩塌-碎屑流、岩质滑坡-碎屑流、土石混合体滑坡-碎屑流、松散堆积层-基岩接触面滑坡-碎屑流和松散堆积层内滑坡-碎屑流；其次，采用FLO-2D模型对直溪河在10年、20年、50年和100年一遇暴雨周期下发生泥石流时的运动情况进行模拟，定量分析了不同降雨重现期的最大流速、最大堆积深度、冲出沟口堆积距离和体积规模。结果表明：该泥石流暴发时具有启动加速度大、流速快、破坏力强、流通区长的特点；当100年一遇的泥石流发生时，其最大流速达到了3.07 m/s；最大泥深为2.27 m；泥石流冲出方量为84419 m3；致灾面积达到91600 m2。研究结果可为直溪河泥石流灾害防治与治理提供数据参考，为德钦县防灾减灾工程设计提供依据。
Abstract:Deqin County is one of the areas suffering the most serious geological disasters in Yunnan Province. Based on the development characteristics of the debris flow in the Zhixi River, this study identifies five disaster-generating modes for the debris flow in the Zhixi River: Collapse - clastic flow, rock landslide-clastic flow, soil-rock mixture landslide-clastic flow, loose accumulation layer -bedrock contact surface landslide-clastic flow and landslide in loose accumulation layer-clastic flow. The FLO-2D model is used to simulate the debris flow movement in the Zhixi River under the rainstorm cycle of 10, 20, 50 and 100 years, and the maximum flow velocity, the maximum accumulation depth, the accumulation distance and the volume scale in different rainfall return periods are quantitatively analyzed. The results show that the debris flow is characterized by high acceleration, fast velocity, strong destructive force, and long circulation area when it erupts. When the debris flow occurs once in 100 years, its maximum velocity reaches 3.07 m/s, the maximum mud depth is 2.27 m , the volume of debris flow washed out is 84419 m3, and the disaster area reaches 91600 m2. The results provide quantitative data reference for the prevention and control of debris flow disasters in Zhixi River, and also provides an important basis for the design of disaster prevention and mitigation projects in Deqin County.
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Key words:
- Zhixi River /
- debris flow /
- disaster model /
- outbreak cycle /
- FLO-2D /
- disaster prevention and mitigation
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表 1 直溪河泥石流沟松散固体物储量表
Table 1. Calculations of the loose solids reserves in the debris flow gully of the Zhixi River
物源类型 滑坡 崩塌 坡积物 残坡积物 洪积物 弃渣 合计 面积/(104 m2) 13 24 147 521 31 2 738 体积/(104 m3) 127 360 326 662 775 5 2255 可移储量/(104 m3) 29 18 22 138 9 2 218 一次最大可移储量/(104 m3) 1.46 0.09 0.73 0.69 0.49 0.19 3.65 
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表 2 4种工况具体降雨情况
Table 2. Precipitation situation of four kinds of working conditions
工况 最大日降雨量/mm 降雨强度/(mm·h−1) P=10% 56.19 23.04 P=5% 63.03 25.84 P=2% 71.64 29.37 P=1% 77.94 31.96
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表 3 泥石流参数取值
Table 3. Parameters for the debris flow
参数 重度/（t·m−3） 体积浓度 曼宁系数 宾汉屈服系数 宾汉黏滞系数 层流阻滞系数 放大因子BF 
取值 2.7 0.61 0.3、0.35 0.0811 13.72 0.00462 11.24 3000 2.56
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表 4 不同降雨频率下直溪沟泥石流模拟结果
Table 4. Simulation results of debris flow in Zhixi Gully under different rainfall frequencies
爆发周期 冲出体积/m3 冲出距离/m 致灾（堆积区）面积/m2 堆积区泥石流体积/m3 堆积最大深度/m 最大流速/（m·s−1） P=10% 34290 1272 23200 15513 2 1.81 P=5% 41892 1334 33200 21580 2.21 1.91 P=2% 47823 1447 38800 25491 2.35 1.96 P=1% 84419 1850 91600 59814 3.07 2.27
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