A model test study of the interface seepage and failure mechanism of loess-filled slope
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摘要:
为了扩大可用耕地面积，延安地区开展了一系列的治沟造地工程，在填方坡体与原始坡体之间形成了接触界面，这类界面潜在影响着填方坡体的渗流变形破坏。针对延安地区治沟造地工程黄土填方边坡已有的和潜在的变形破坏问题，通过室内黄土边坡降雨模型试验，研究了界面对黄土填方坡体渗流特性与变形破坏的影响规律，揭示了界面渗流影响下填方边坡的破坏机制。结果表明：（1）界面是黄土填方边坡雨水入渗的优势渗流通道，雨水沿界面入渗至填方体中部和底部，界面入渗与坡面入渗雨水一并汇集于填方体中部，加速了填方体的饱和进程，改变了填方体的渗流场和有效应力场，坡顶与坡肩处产生张拉应力，诱发多条张拉裂缝萌生和扩展；（2）填方体坡脚中部先小范围侵蚀，随后中部产生大范围侵蚀破坏，进而触发填方体中部和底部产生较大规模的浅层滑动，加剧了填方体坡顶与坡肩裂缝的萌生和扩展，形成了多个优势渗流通道和复杂地质地貌条件，降低了填方体的局部稳定性。上述研究结果对黄土填方边坡稳定性评价和提高治沟造地工程使用寿命具有较好的指导意义。
Abstract:A series of Gully Reclamation Projects were carried out in Yan’an City to expand the area of available arable land. In these projects, contact interfaces formed between filled slope and original slope potentially influenced the seepage deformation and failure of the loess-filled slope. This paper aims to solve the deformation and failure of loess-filled slope in Yan’an City using the indoor rainfall model test. The influence of interface on seepage characteristics and deformation failure of loess-filled slope is analyzed, and the failure mechanism of loess-filled slope affected by the interface is revealed. The results show that: (1) the interface is a dominant seepage channel for rainwater infiltration in the loess-filled slope; along the seepage channel, rainwater infiltrates into the middle and bottom of the filling body and gathers in the middle of the filling body with the infiltration rainwater from slope surface; the process accelerates the saturation process of the filled slope, changes its seepage field and effective stress field, causes tensile stress at its top and shoulder, and induces the initiation and expansion of multiple tension cracks. (2) In the process, a small range of erosion occurs in the middle of the slope toe, and a large range of erosion damages in the middle of filled-slope surface; the erosion damage triggers a large-scale shallow sliding in the middle and bottom of the filled slope, and further intensifies the initiation and expansion of cracks at the top and shoulder of the filling body; finally, multiple dominant seepage channels and complex topographic feature are formed, and the local stability of loess-filled slope is gradually reduced. The research results are important for the stability evaluation of loess-filled slope and the service life of the Gully Reclamation Projects.
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Key words:
- the Gully Reclamation Project /
- loess /
- slope /
- model test /
- interface seepage /
- failure mechanism
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表 1 土层参数
Table 1. Soil parameters
边坡 干密度/（g·cm−3） 含水率/% 重度/（kN·m−3） 原始边坡 1.63 13.5 18.53 填方边坡 1.58 10.0 17.38 
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表 2 每日降雨方案
Table 2. Rainfall schemes for one day
降雨次数 起止时间 降雨时间/min 降雨强度/（mm·h−1） 第1次 9:00—9:30 30 12.4 第2次 10:00—10:30 30 12.4 第3次 11:00—11:30 30 12.4 第4次 12:00—12:30 30 12.4 第5次 13:00—13:30 30 12.4 第6次 14:00—14:30 30 12.4 第7次 15:00—15:30 30 12.4 第8次 16:00—16:30 30 12.4 第9次 17:00—17:30 30 12.4
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