A study of the characteristics and influence mechanism of time delayed rockburst in a TBM tunnel under the blasting disturbance
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摘要:
时滞型岩爆的发生通常具有很强的随机性，会对施工安全造成巨大的威胁，而开挖扰动、爆破扰动等均会对潜在时滞型岩爆区产生不同程度的影响。依托某隧道掘进机（TBM）引水隧洞，采用理论分析和对比分析法研究了拆机洞爆破开挖期间K54+000—K54+700段发生的5次时滞型岩爆，发现：（1）强烈岩爆和中等岩爆区位于缓倾断层附近，围岩发育短小隐节理和含充填的细密节理，轻微岩爆距断层远或位于正断层附近，除含充填的细密节理外，均至少发育1条含充填物的倾向SW的陡倾结构面；（2）TBM法开挖隧洞时滞型岩爆滞后爆破时间更长，滞后工作面距离更远，且爆破对TBM隧洞的扰动作用相对较小；（3）爆破扰动使得潜在时滞型岩爆区围岩失稳变得容易，从而加速了时滞型岩爆的进程。研究成果可为TBM隧洞时滞型岩爆的预警与防控提供参考。
Abstract:The occurrence of time delayed rockburst usually has strong randomness and will pose a great threat to construction safety. Excavation disturbance and blasting disturbance will have impact of varying degrees on the potential time delayed rockburst area. It is of great significance to carry out studies of the characteristics and mechanism of time delayed rockburst in a TBM tunnel under the blasting disturbance. Based on a TBM headrace tunnel, five time delayed rockburst occurred in K54+000—K54+700 section during demolition tunnel blasting excavation are studied by using theoretical analysis and comparative analysis method. The results show that (1) strong and medium rockburst areas are located near gentle dip faults. Short and small concealed joints and fine joints with filling are developed in surrounding rocks. The slight rockburst is far from the fault or near the normal fault. Except for the fine joints with filling, at least one steep structural plane with filling tendency and dipping in SW direction is developed. (2) The time delayed rockburst of the TBM tunnel has longer delay blasting time and longer lag working face distance, and the disturbance effect of blasting on the TBM tunnel is relatively small. (3) Blasting disturbance makes it easy for the surrounding rock instability in the potential time delayed rockburst area, which accelerates the process of time delayed rockburst. The research results can provide a useful reference for the early warning and prevention of time delayed rockburst in TBM tunnels.
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表 1 时滞型岩爆发生信息统计
Table 1. Statistics of occurrence information of time delayed rockburst
岩爆 爆坑照片 描述 岩爆Ⅰ 
发生时间：2021年10月22日
发生位置：K54+200—K54+213（距工作面769.0 m）
岩爆等级：强烈岩爆
爆坑形态：长条深窝型
爆坑位置：10点钟—2点钟方位
爆坑尺寸：13 m×6 m×1.2 m（长×宽×深）
爆坑区域结构面：石英脉+多条灰白色钙质充填细脉
岩爆前支护措施：随机砂浆锚杆&钢筋网片&混凝土喷层岩爆Ⅱ 
发生时间：2021年10月22日
发生位置：K54+550—K54+551.2（距工作面430.8 m）
岩爆等级：轻微岩爆
爆坑形态：浅窝型
爆坑位置：9点钟—10点钟方位
爆坑尺寸：1.2 m×1.5 m×0.1 m（长×宽×深）
爆坑区域结构面：1条厚0.2～0.4 m的白色钙膜及铁绣色斑充填结构面+多条含钙膜充填的细小节理
岩爆前支护措施：混凝土喷层岩爆Ⅲ 
发生时间：2021年11月1日
发生位置：K54+128—K54+131.5（距工作面850.5 m）
岩爆等级：中等岩爆
爆坑形态：深窝型
爆坑位置：9点钟—10点钟方位
爆坑尺寸：3.5 m×7.5 m ×0.5 m（长×宽×深）
爆坑区域结构面：大量密集节理，呈共轭相交，伴有白色钙膜充填
岩爆前支护措施：混凝土喷层岩爆Ⅳ 
发生时间：2021年11月2日
发生位置：K54+640—K54+642（距工作面340.0 m）
岩爆等级：轻微岩爆
爆坑形态：浅窝型，结构面控制边界
爆坑位置：2点半—4点钟方位
爆坑尺寸：2.5 m×3.7 m×0.15 m（长×宽×深）
爆坑区域结构面：1条含5～8 cm墨绿色充填结构面+细小节理集密，伴有钙膜充填
岩爆前支护措施：混凝土喷层岩爆Ⅴ 
发生时间：2021年11月7日
发生位置：K54+116—K54+119.5（距工作面862.5m）
岩爆等级：轻微岩爆
爆坑形态：V型
爆坑位置：2点钟—3点半方位
爆坑尺寸：3.5 m×2.5 m×0.2 m（长×宽×深）
爆坑区域结构面：2条含充填结构面，厚2～10 cm
岩爆前支护措施：混凝土喷层
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表 2 时滞型岩爆滞后时间及空间信息
Table 2. Lag time and spatial information of time delayed rockburst
岩爆滞后时间及空间 岩爆Ⅰ 岩爆Ⅱ 岩爆Ⅲ 岩爆Ⅳ 岩爆Ⅴ 岩爆滞后开挖的天数/d 105 81 110 88 117 岩爆滞后拆机洞第二次爆破的天数/d 7 7 17 18 23 岩爆滞后工作面的距离/m 769.0 430.8 850.5 340.0 862.5
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