Geochemical characteristics and formation mechanisms of the seawater-recharged geothermal systems in Yantian of Fujian, China
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摘要:
海水补给型地热系统具有补给资源量大，但温度低、水质咸化等特点，查明沿海地热水循环补给条件和成因机制，对东南沿海地热资源的合理开发利用和保护具有重要意义。在泉州官桥盐田地热区分别采集了地热水、地下水和海水样品14个，利用水化学同位素特征分析和地球化学温标法，揭示了官桥盐田地热水循环补给和地热资源成因机制。结果表明：地热水水化学类型为Cl—Na型水，与海水水化学类型一致；H01和H02的溶解性固体总量（TDS）分别为2610 mg/L和3 090 mg/L，地下水以TDS小于400 mg/L的
$ {\rm{HCO}}_3$ Abstract:Seawater-recharged geothermal systems are characterized by abundant recharge, low temperature and salinization. Ascertaining the circulation recharge conditions and genetic mechanisms of geothermal water in coastal areas of southeast China is of important significance in the rational exploration, utilization and protection of geothermal resources in these areas. In this study, 14 samples of geothermal water, groundwater and seawater are collected from the Yantian geothermal field near Guanqiao Town in Fujian Province, China and the hydrochemical and isotopic characteristics are analyzed. The circulation recharge of the geothermal water and the genetic mechanisms of the geothermal resources in the geothermal field are revealed using geothermometers. The results show that hydrochemical type of the geothermal water in the Yantian geothermal field is of Cl—Na type, which is similar to that of the seawater. Total dissolved solids of geothermal water samples H01 and H02 are 2 610 mg/L and 3 090 mg/L, respectively. By contrast, the groundwater in the geothermal field is dominated by the HCO3—Na type, and the groundwater samples have TDS of less than 400 mg/L. Moreover, the geothermal water is rich in Br−, which is not detected in the groundwater. These results indicate that modern seawater or ancient seawater in marine sedimentary layers is a recharge source of the geothermal water. As shown by the results of H01 and H02 calculated using the Cl− mixing model, geothermal water samples H01 and H02 have seawater mixing ratios of 9.13% and 10.76%, respectively, and H01 is mixed with more groundwater after being exposed to Quaternary sediments. The comprehensive analyses show that the geothermal water in the Yantian geothermal field is primarily recharged by seawater and its chemical composition is significantly affected by seawater mixing. Furthermore, the comprehensive analyses also suggest that the deep geothermal water is mixed with groundwater or seawater twice or more times as it rises upward, thus forming shallow geothermal reservoirs with a temperature of 89 °C to 121 °C, as estimated by using the SiO2 geothermometer and the multi-mineral equilibrium method.
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Key words:
- geothermal water /
- hydrogeochemistry /
- environmental isotope /
- geothermometer /
- seawater recharge
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表 1 官桥盐田地下水化学测试结果表
Table 1. List of hydrochemical characteristics of groundwater in Yantian
样品
编号井深
/mρ（K+）
/（mg∙L−1）ρ（Na+）
/（mg∙L−1）ρ（Ca2+）
/（mg∙L−1）ρ（Mg2+）
/（mg∙L−1）ρ（Cl−）
/（mg∙L−1）ρ（ 
）
/（mg∙L−1）ρ（ 
）
/（mg∙L−1）ρ（ 
）
/（mg∙L−1）ρ（Br−）
/（mg∙L−1）TDS
/（mg∙L−1）ρ（SiO2）
/（mg∙L−1）pH δD
/‰δ18O
/‰H01 50.0 19.67 534.90 415.10 2.53 1 418.00 109.20 67.12 0.00 4.51 2 610.0 69.60 7.03 −41.00 −6.20 H02 500.0 22.57 683.20 456.70 3.73 1 667.00 115.30 76.41 0.00 4.29 3 090.0 74.11 7.15 −39.75 −5.82 C01 100.0 5.60 17.80 13.78 3.99 26.55 2.26 54.92 0.00 <0.10 167.9 57.00 6.51 −40.00 −6.10 C02 100.0 6.11 42.56 41.27 12.85 65.32 14.65 56.14 0.00 0.13 369.5 45.54 6.47 −41.00 −6.20 C03 100.0 2.25 23.81 27.27 6.26 12.92 12.02 115.90 0.00 <0.10 212.3 45.03 6.81 −45.00 −6.70 C04 90.0 0.95 31.91 35.77 2.68 22.70 9.58 151.30 0.00 <0.10 244.0 62.45 7.55 −46.00 −6.80 C05 164.0 0.98 70.32 32.04 3.30 11.53 64.47 183.10 0.00 <0.10 314.1 34.39 7.79 −41.00 −6.30 C06 110.0 0.92 32.43 47.12 0.87 22.70 4.05 170.20 0.00 <0.10 245.0 36.69 7.22 −37.00 −5.10 C07 109.0 2.20 21.35 31.72 9.85 26.20 2.28 102.50 0.00 <0.10 259.0 49.93 7.17 −41.00 −6.30 C08 100.0 5.17 19.10 25.27 5.66 31.78 3.47 73.83 0.00 <0.10 217.0 57.25 6.62 −37.00 −5.10 S01 − 279.70 7 645.00 309.90 942.00 14 233.00 1 750.00 1 240.00 0.00 32.35 25 310.0 5.47 7.24 − − S02 − 322.50 8 590.00 349.50 1 077.00 16 154.00 1 900.00 135.90 0.00 30.94 29 000.0 3.92 7.63 − − S03 − 274.20 7 355.00 303.30 912.00 13 535.00 1 582.00 141.80 0.00 24.86 24 050.0 7.13 7.24 − − S04 − 344.40 9 435.00 374.30 1 176.00 17 115.00 2 116.00 135.90 0.00 37.51 31 160.0 3.24 7.84 − − 注：“−”表示无数据；“0.00”表示低于检出限；ρ表示质量浓度。 
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