A study of bearing capacity of the Jurassic moderately-weathered mudstone foundation
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摘要:
成都地区侏罗系中等风化泥岩为典型的红层软岩，工程实践表明该类岩体地基承载力的规范建议值偏低，导致该区域内高层、超高层建筑基础选型偏于保守，使得工程成本投入大、目标工期长，如何最大程度的发挥侏罗系中等风化泥岩地基承载能力还没有值得借鉴的方法。以成都地区某超高层建筑地基基础工程为例，针对侏罗系中等风化泥岩地基分别开展了9组深井平硐岩基载荷试验、17孔岩基旁压试验，利用两类试验协同分析泥岩地基承载能力及适宜的承载力特征值取值，并建立了地基承载力特征值与超声波测井试验获得的岩体特征参数的相关方程。研究结果表明：侏罗系中等风化泥岩地区，岩基平板载荷试验、旁压试验所得的地基承载力特征值相近且均较《成都地区建筑地基基础设计规范》（DB51/T 5026—2001）建议最大值大2.0~2.5倍；平板载荷试验的承压板直径、旁压试验的测试深度对中等风化泥岩地基承载力影响不显著；通过参数综合分析，进一步得出地基承载力特征值与岩体波速和岩体完整性指数分别呈幂函数、指数函数递增关系。研究成果对侏罗系中等风化泥岩地基承载力的取值具有重要的参考价值。
Abstract:The Jurassic moderately-weathered mudstone in the Chengdu area is a typical red bed soft rock. Engineering practice shows that the standard recommended value of bearing capacity of the Jurassic moderately-weathered mudstone foundation in the Chengdu area is low, which leads to conservative foundation selection of high-rise and super high-rise buildings in this area, resulting in large project cost and long target construction period. However, there is no method to maximize the bearing capacity of the Jurassic moderately-weathered mudstone foundation. In this study, the foundation project of a super high-rise building in Chengdu is taken as an example, and 9 groups of deep well adit rock foundation load tests and 17 hole rock foundation side pressure tests are carried out, respectively, for the Jurassic moderately-weathered mudstone foundation to analyze the bearing capacity of the mudstone foundation and the appropriate value of bearing capacity characteristic. The correlation equation between the characteristic value of foundation bearing capacity and the characteristic parameters of rock mass obtained by ultrasonic logging test is established. The research results show that in the Jurassic moderately-weathered mudstone area, the characteristic value of the foundation bearing capacity obtained from the plate load test and the side pressure test of the rock foundation are similar and are 2−2.5 times larger than the maximum value recommended by the regional code DB51/T 5026—2001. The diameter of the bearing plate of the plate load test and the test depth of the side pressure test have no significant impact on the bearing capacity of the moderately-weathered mudstone foundation. Comprehensive analyses of parameters indicate that the characteristic value of the foundation bearing capacity has power and exponential increasing relationship with wave velocity of rock mass and integrity index of rock mass, respectively. The research results are of important reference value for the bearing capacity of the Jurassic moderately-weathered mudstone foundation.
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表 1 岩体物理力学参数（天然状态）
Table 1. Physical and mechanical properties of rock
参数 统计样本数/个 最大值 最小值 平均值 天然密度/（g·cm−3） 141 2.62 2.30 2.48 单轴抗压强度/MPa 51 9.67 2.71 6.00 黏聚力/MPa 28 1.2 0.4 0.8 内摩擦角/（°） 28 40.1 33.7 37.9 
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表 2 载荷试验结果对比
Table 2. Comparison of load test results
深井
编号
（高程）承压板
直径
/mm原位试验 fak
/kPa岩体
完整性
指数最大加载
量/kPa比例界限
荷载/kPa（极限荷载/3）
/kPa裂缝
情况SJ1
（459.06 m）300 9 000 3 000 2 400 无 2 400 0.46 500 9 600 2 400 2 400 无 2 400 0.46 800 6 300 2 700 2 300 有 2 300 0.43 SJ2
（451.15 m）300 7 800 2 400 2 100 有 2 100 0.39 500 10 800 2 400 2 000 无 2 000 0.39 800 11 700 2 700 2 100 有 2 100 0.39 SJ3
（447.54 m）300 11 800 3 600 2 800 有 2 800 0.49 500 9 600 3 000 3 000 有 3 000 0.50 800 10 800 3 600 2 700 无 2 700 0.43
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表 3 旁压试验结果统计
Table 3. Results of pressuremeter tests
钻孔编号 测试深度/m Pf/kPa P0/kPa fak/kPa 钻孔波速/（m·s−1） 岩体完整性指数 JK4 28.5 3 002.4 625.2 2 377.2 2 465.0 0.380 JK3 21.0 1 399.5 350.0 1 049.5 1 873.0 0.231 JK10 20.0 1 294.2 310.5 983.7 2 023.0 0.256 JK12 13.0 1 495.5 311.2 1 184.3 2 160.0 0.292 JK12 20.0 2 670.0 698.5 1 971.5 2 204.0 0.304 JK14 28.0 3 753.0 850.6 2 902.4 2 912.0 0.507 TL1 26.5 3 790.2 849.6 2 940.6 2 445.0 0.414 TL3 18.5 4 085.1 1 120.3 2 964.8 2 754.0 0.530 TL5 28.0 2 828.4 475.6 2 352.8 2 542.0 0.447 TL11 20.5 3 715.9 850.6 2 865.3 3 013.0 0.469 TL13 16.5 3 342.3 942.3 2 400.0 2 555.0 0.452 TL13 23.0 2 209.1 487.2 1 721.9 2 241.0 0.348 TL14 17.5 2 300.5 422.1 1 878.4 2 613.0 0.473 TL16 14.5 2 489.0 475.6 2 013.4 2 178.0 0.296 TL16 20.5 2 737.9 475.6 2 262.3 2 824.0 0.498 TL18 23.0 2 590.6 432.2 2 158.4 2 523.0 0.441 TL22 23.0 2 856.7 511.2 2 345.5 2 930.0 0.415 TL25 24.5 2 707.0 530.1 2 176.9 2 347.0 0.381 TL25 26.0 4 773.5 681.2 4 092.3 3 094.0 0.663 TL35 23.0 3 032.5 625.2 2 407.3 2 659.0 0.490 TL37 18.0 2 494.4 550.0 1 944.4 2 690.0 0.501
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