High-level collapse risk identification based on oblique photography and InSAR technology
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摘要:
崩塌风险识别是崩塌灾害防治的基础。高位崩塌一般具有突发性、隐蔽性、高差大等特点，给信息采集、灾害识别和风险评估等工作带来了极大的挑战。针对这一工程难题，以白龙江流域九龙峡高位斜坡为例，基于倾斜摄影三维模型，确定高位崩塌识别指标，探索结构面信息提取方法，提出赤平投影定性分析与InSAR定量分析相结合的崩塌风险评估模型，形成了崩塌识别、稳定性分析和形变监测三者相结合的高位崩塌识别与风险评价的全过程模式。结果显示：（1）2020年1月—2022年6月，研究区斜坡最大累积变形量为120 mm，研究区东侧斜坡、西侧坡脚、南侧突出山咀变形较为强烈，变形等级以一、二级为主，灾害危险等级较高。(2)研究区共有崩塌危岩体22处（高风险7处，占32%；中风险11处，占50%；低风险4处，占18%），分布高度在37～640 m之间，高风险危岩主要集中在南侧突出的山咀、东侧斜坡以及西侧坡脚地带。分析结果与公路灾害养护历史资料相吻合，验证了倾斜摄影和InSAR技术在高位崩塌风险识别方面的可行性，为该技术在崩塌灾害防治方面的应用提供了依据和借鉴。
Abstract:Collapse risk identification is the basis of collapse disaster prevention. High level collapse is characterized by sudden, hidden and large height difference, which brings great challenges to information collection, disaster identification and risk assessment. In order to solve this engineering problem, this paper takes the Jiulongxia high slope in the Bailong River basin as an example, Based on the 3D model of oblique photography, the establishment of high-level collapse identification index and its structural plane information extraction method, proposes a collapse risk assessment model combining stereographic projection qualitative analysis and InSAR quantitative analysis, and forms a whole process model of high level collapse identification and risk assessment combining collapse identification, stability analysis and deformation monitoring. The results show that there are 22 collapse dangerous rocks in the study area (including 7 high risk rocks, accounting for 32%, 11 medium risk rocks, accounting for 50%, and 4 low risk rocks, accounting for 18%), with a distribution height of 37 m – 640 m. High risk dangerous rocks are mainly concentrated in the prominent mountain mouth in the south, the eastern slope and the western slope toe. These analysis results are consistent with the historical data of highway disaster maintenance, which verifies the feasibility of tilt photography and InSAR technology in high level collapse risk identification. The results provide a basis and reference for the application of this technology in collapse disaster prevention.
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Key words:
- high level slope /
- collapse /
- tilt photography /
- InSAR /
- risk identification
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表 1 边坡稳定性分级评价表
Table 1. Slope stability classification and evaluation index
稳定性分级 评 价 指 标 稳定 结构面倾角或交棱倾角≤15°
结构面倾角或交棱倾角≥边坡角
结构面倾向或交棱倾向与坡向夹角≥60°基本稳定 结构面倾向或交棱倾向与坡向夹角<45°，
15°≤结构面倾角或交棱倾角<25°45°<结构面倾向或交棱倾向与坡向夹角≤60°，
15°≤结构面倾角或交棱倾角<边坡角欠稳定 结构面倾向或交棱倾向与坡向夹角<25°，
25°≤结构面倾角或交棱倾角<40°25°<结构面倾向或交棱倾向与坡向夹角≤45°，
25°≤结构面倾角或交棱倾角<边坡角不稳定 结构面倾向或交棱倾向与坡向夹角≤25°，
40°≤结构面倾角或交棱倾角<边坡角
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表 2 崩塌危岩体风险评价指标
Table 2. Risk assessment index of collapse dangerous rock mass
一级指标 二级指标 等级划分 分值 权重（R） 评分 稳定性评价 见表1 不稳定 40~50 0~1 K1 欠稳定 30~40 0~1 K2 基本稳定 20~30 0~1 K3 稳定 10~20 0~1 K4 InSAR
变形等级>90 mm 一级 40~50 0~1 S1 90～50 mm 二级 30~40 0~1 S2 50～20 mm 三级 20~30 0~1 S3 <20 mm 四级 10~20 0~1 S4
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表 3 崩塌危岩风险判据
Table 3. Criteria for risk identification of dangerous rock collapse
评判值 <50 50～75 >75 级别 低风险 中风险 高风险 注：该评判标准与发生概率相对应。
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表 4 崩塌识别解译表
Table 4. Interpretation for collapse recognition
代表区域 崩塌类型 岩性 坡体结构 岩体特征 结构面发育情况 距离路面高度/m 是否直接威胁公路 W1、W17、W18、W19 土质 碎块石土 土质、类土质坡体结构 石夹土状 160、70、39、45 是 W2、W3、W4、W9、
W13、W15岩质 灰岩夹板岩 层状斜向结构 薄-中厚层状 具外倾结构面、
卸荷裂隙发育80、110、37、
161、76、45是 W12、W20、W21、W22 岩质 灰岩 碎裂结构 碎裂镶嵌结构状 构造裂隙密集 165、160、175、195 是 W7、W8 岩质 灰岩 层状斜向结构 薄-中厚层状 底部悬空 165、235 是 W5 岩质 千枚岩、板岩 碎裂结构 碎裂镶嵌结构状 构造风化裂隙密集 197 否 W6、W10 岩质 千枚岩、板岩 反倾-斜向结构 薄层状、板状 风化裂隙发育 310、640 否 W11、W14、W16 岩质 灰岩 层状斜向结构 薄-中厚层状 具外倾结构面、卸荷裂隙发育 345、235、345 否
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表 5 边坡优势结构面信息及破坏评价（W4、W7为例）
Table 5. Slope dominant structural plane information and damage evaluation (W4 and W7 as examples)
代表区域 结构面编号 产状 形态 填充
特性间距/cm 张开度/mm 稳定性评价 失稳模式 W4 P0 187°∠55° 不稳定 滑移 S0 69°∠74° 平直 钙泥质胶结 100 J1 168°∠48° 平直 岩屑断续填充 100 3 J2 333°∠77° 平直 岩屑断续填充 150 5 W7 P0 170°∠53° 稳定 坠落式 S0 30°∠49° 平直 钙泥质胶结 130 J1 180°∠62° 平直 岩屑断续填充 50 2 J2 300°∠53 平直 岩屑断续填充 50 2 注：P为坡面，S为岩层层面，J为岩体节理。
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表 6 危岩风险等级评价表
Table 6. Risk level evaluation of dangerous rocks
编号 稳定性评价 稳定性得分 变形等级 变形得分 威胁对象 权重 总分 风险等级 W1 不稳定 40 二级 30 公路 1 70 中风险 W2 不稳定 45 二级 35 公路 1 80 高风险 W3 欠稳定 35 一级 40 公路 1 75 中风险 W4 不稳定 50 四级 15 公路 1 65 中风险 W5 不稳定 45 二级 35 公路 1 80 高风险 W6 不稳定 45 二级 30 公路 1 75 中风险 W7 稳定 20 三级 30 公路 1 50 中风险 W8 稳定 20 三级 30 公路 1 50 中风险 W9 不稳定 50 三级 25 公路 1 75 中风险 W10 欠稳定 30 三级 20 沟谷 0.5 25 低风险 W11 欠稳定 30 三级 25 沟谷 0.5 27.5 低风险 W12 不稳定 50 二级 30 公路 1 80 高风险 W13 不稳定 50 一级 45 公路 1 95 高风险 W14 欠稳定 30 二级 30 沟谷 0.5 30 低风险 W15 不稳定 40 二级 30 公路 1 70 中风险 W16 欠稳定 35 三级 25 沟谷 0.5 30 低风险 W17 不稳定 40 二级 35 公路 1 75 中风险 W18 不稳定 40 二级 35 公路 1 75 中风险 W19 不稳定 40 一级 45 公路 1 85 高风险 W20 不稳定 45 二级 35 公路 1 80 高风险 W21 不稳定 50 三级 30 公路 1 80 高风险 W22 不稳定 50 三级 25 公路 1 75 中风险
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