考虑污染物扩散风险的场地地下水污染多层次风险评估方法

张行洲; 殷乐宜; 陈坚; 周笑笑; 杨丽虎; 吴吉春; 谢月清

doi:10.16030/j.cnki.issn.1000-3665.202209006

考虑污染物扩散风险的场地地下水污染多层次风险评估方法

1.
南京大学地球科学与工程学院，表生地球化学教育部重点实验室，江苏南京　210023

2.
生态环境部环境规划院长江经济带生态环境联合研究中心，北京　100012

3.
中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所，北京　100101

基金项目: 国家重点研发课题（2019YFC1804803）

详细信息

作者简介: 张行洲（1999-），男，硕士研究生，主要从事场地地下水风险评估研究。E-mail： 13132203635@163.com

通讯作者: 谢月清（1983-），男，教授，主要从事地表水与地下水相互作用研究。E-mail： yxie@nju.edu.cn

中图分类号: P641.69

收稿日期: 2022-09-02

修回日期: 2022-11-07

刊出日期: 2023-03-15

A study of the multi-tiered risk assessment method of site groundwater contamination considering transport-induced risk

1.
Key Laboratory of Earth Surficial Geochemistry of Ministry of Education, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu　210023, China

2.
Ecological Environment Joint Research Center for Yangtze River Economic Zone, Chinese Academy for Environmental Planning, Beijing,　100012, China

3.
Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS, Beijing,　100101, China

More Information

Corresponding author: XIE Yueqing, yxie@nju.edu.cn

Received Date: 02 September 2022

Revised Date: 07 November 2022

Publish Date: 15 March 2023

摘要

摘要:
地下水中污染物具有迁移性和扩散性，会对下游敏感受体造成威胁，目前场地地下水风险评估主要关注人体健康风险，还未能综合考虑地下水污染的整体风险，尤其是忽视了污染物迁移引起的对下游敏感受体的风险。本研究基于“源-径-汇”模型构建了考虑污染物扩散风险的场地地下水污染风险评估的指标体系与风险评估模式。在指标体系构建方面，重点考虑场地地下水的污染源、迁移路径和敏感受体3个方面。在风险评估模式方面，根据场地不同地下水污染状态开展3个层次的风险评估。基于假想的铬污染场地开展了案例分析，设置了地下水污染状态的4种情景，利用Wexler溶质运移模型计算了地下水污染羽的时空变化，并针对地下水污染的不同层次开展了风险评估。结果表明，在场地地下水污染羽未到达场地边界的2种情形中，场地地下水的风险评分分别为4.0，6.2，分别属于低风险与中风险。在场地地下水污染羽到达或超出场地边界的2种情形中，场地地下水的风险评分分别为7.0，8.8，分别属于中风险与高风险。综合而言，本研究构建的方法能够用来对场地地下水进行系统全面的评估和对比，能够根据风险结果对污染场地进行有效的分级管控，为污染场地的风险管控提供技术支撑。
- 场地地下水污染 /
- “源-径-汇”模型 /
- 指标体系 /
- 风险评估
Abstract:
Contaminants in groundwater can spread downstream, causing risks to receptors along the path. The risk assessment of our current site groundwater contamination focuses mainly on human health risks. It rarely considers integrated risks of groundwater contamination, particularly neglecting risks to recepters at downstream locations. This study constructs a new index system and a tiered risk assessment approach for site groundwater contamination based on the “source-pathway-receptor” model considering risks to downstream receptors. For the construction of the index system, the source, pathway and receptor of site groundwater contamination are considered. For the risk assessment approach, a multi-tiered risk assessment are determined according to site groundwater contamination status. Based on the hypothetical case study of a chromium-contaminated site, four scenarios of groundwater contamination states are set. The spatio-temporal changes of groundwater contamination plumes are calculated by using the Wexler solute transport model, and risk assessment is carried out for different states of the groundwater contamination. The results show that in the two cases where the site groundwater contamination plumes have not reached the site boundary, the risk scores of the site groundwater are 4 and 6.2 points, respectively. The risk of the site groundwater at the two contamination states is low and medium, respectively. In the two cases where the site groundwater contamination plumes have arrived or exceeded the site boundary, the risk scores of the site groundwater are 7.0 and 8.8 points, respectively. The corresponding risk at the two contamination states is medium and high, respectively. It can be seen that this new method can comprehensively assess the potential level of harm of groundwater contamination to both human health and ecological environment, and therefore can provide technical support for the management of contaminated sites.
- site groundwater contamination /
- source-pathway-receptor model /
- index system /
- risk assessment

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图 1 场地地下水污染多层次风险评估框架

Figure 1.

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图 2 情形2解析解污染物分布结果

Figure 2.

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图 3 情形3和情形4解析解污染物分布结果

Figure 3.

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图 4 情形2解析解风险评估结果

Figure 4.

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图 5 情形3解析解风险评估结果

Figure 5.

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图 6 情形4解析解风险评估结果

Figure 6.

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表 1 指标分级评分

Table 1. Index grading table

土壤污染物入渗浓度	土壤污染范围	地下水质量	健康风险	敏感受体或使用功能类型	迁移至敏感受体的天数/d	迁移速度 /（m·d⁻¹）	赋值
符合IV类水水质目标	0~5%调查范围	符合水质目标	CR≤10⁻⁶且HQ≤1	其他类型或没有敏感受体	T>1000	v≤0.3	2
超IV类水水质目标 0~5倍	>5%~10%调查范围	超水质目标0~5倍	10⁻⁶<CR≤5×10⁻⁶或 1<HQ≤5	建设用地	500<T≤1000	0.3<v≤1	4
超IV类水水质目标 >5~20倍	>10%~25%调查范围	超水质目标>5~20倍	5×10⁻⁶<CR≤10⁻⁵或 5<HQ≤10	居住用地	250<T≤500	1<v≤2	6
超IV类水水质目标 >20~50倍	>25%~50%调查范围	超水质目标>20~50倍	10⁻⁵<CR≤10⁻⁴或 10<HQ≤100	工农业用水	100<T≤250	2<v≤5	8
超IV类水水质目标 >50倍	>50%调查范围	超水质目标>50倍	CR>10⁻⁴或 HQ>100	水源地和敏感地表水体	T≤100	v>5	10

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表 2 多层次风险评估模式

Table 2. Multi-level risk assessment model

指标层次	地下水含水层污染特征	指标组合
第一层次	未污染（场地土壤已污染）	源
第二层次	已污染，范围未超场界	源、径、汇
第三层次	已污染，范围已超场界	源、径、汇

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