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赵枝艳, 张常亮, 沈伟, 秦涛, 李萍, 李同录. 黄土-古土壤饱和渗透性与孔隙分布特征关系研究[J]. 水文地质工程地质, 2024, 51(1): 47-56. doi: 10.16030/j.cnki.issn.1000-3665.202301009
引用本文: 赵枝艳, 张常亮, 沈伟, 秦涛, 李萍, 李同录. 黄土-古土壤饱和渗透性与孔隙分布特征关系研究[J]. 水文地质工程地质, 2024, 51(1): 47-56. doi: 10.16030/j.cnki.issn.1000-3665.202301009
shu
ZHAO Zhiyan, ZHANG Changliang, SHEN Wei, QIN Tao, LI Ping, LI Tonglu. Research on the relationship between saturated permeability and pore distribution characteristics of loess-paleosol[J]. Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology, 2024, 51(1): 47-56. doi: 10.16030/j.cnki.issn.1000-3665.202301009
Citation: ZHAO Zhiyan, ZHANG Changliang, SHEN Wei, QIN Tao, LI Ping, LI Tonglu. Research on the relationship between saturated permeability and pore distribution characteristics of loess-paleosol[J]. Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology, 2024, 51(1): 47-56. doi: 10.16030/j.cnki.issn.1000-3665.202301009
shu

黄土-古土壤饱和渗透性与孔隙分布特征关系研究

  • 1.

    长安大学地质工程与测绘学院，陕西 西安　710054

  • 2.

    黄土高原水循环与地质环境教育部野外科学观测研究站，甘肃 正宁　745399

  • 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目（41877242）；国家自然科学基金重大项目（42041006）；长安大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目（300102260204）；陕西省水保中心资助项目（2023SBJC-01)
详细信息
    作者简介: 赵枝艳（1998—），女，博士研究生，主要从事黄土边坡稳定性研究。E-mail：18339183655@163.com
    通讯作者: 张常亮（1979—），男，博士，副教授，主要从事黄土力学方面的研究。E-mail：zcliang@chd.edu.cn

  • 中图分类号: P642.13+1

Research on the relationship between saturated permeability and pore distribution characteristics of loess-paleosol

  • 1.

    School of Geological Engineering and Geomatics, Chang’an University, Xi’an, Shaanxi　710054, China

  • 2.

    Observation and Research Station of Water Cycle and Geological Environment for the Chinese Loess Plateau, Ministry of Education, Zhengning, Gansu　745399, China

More Information

    摘要

  • 由于沉积环境的差异，古土壤较上覆黄土致密，其饱和渗透系数应低于黄土，但试验结果却显示二者的饱和渗透系数相近。为揭示这一现象的机理，在陕西泾阳南黄土塬开挖33 m的探井，沿井壁按1 m间距取黄土和古土壤原状试样，进行变水头渗透试验，测定试样的饱和渗透系数。同时用压汞试验（mercury intrusion porosimetry, MIP）及扫描电镜（scanning electron microscope, SEM）测试分别获取试样的孔隙分布曲线和微观结构图像，以分析黄土-古土壤饱和渗透性与孔隙分布特征的关系。结果表明：（1）黄土-古土壤地层的饱和渗透系数整体上沿深度方向规律性减小，但相邻黄土和古土壤层的饱和渗透系数无明显差异；（2）MIP及SEM测试结果表明，黄土结构均匀、孔隙大小较为一致，而古土壤具有不均匀的团块-裂隙结构，虽然团块内部较黄土致密，但团块间存在裂隙；（3）饱和渗透系数的大小取决于透水孔隙的体积分数，其中黄土的透水孔隙主要为较大孔隙（孔径>2 μm），而古土壤的透水孔隙主要为团块间的微裂隙，虽然二者渗透系数相近，但渗透机理完全不同。为研究黄土与古土壤的孔隙分布特性和解决黄土区工程建设中的问题提供了理论依据。

    Due to differences in sedimentary environments, the paleosol is denser than the overlying loess, and its saturated permeability coefficients should be lower than that of the loess. This intuitive understanding has been challenged by the experimental results of several permeability tests which indicate that paleosol and loess have similar saturated permeability. In order to reveal the mechanism behind this phenomenon, we focused on the loess-paleosol strata of the loess tableland located in Jingyang County, Shaanxi Province. Undisturbed loess and paleosol specimens were extracted at equal intervals of 1 m from a 33 m exploratory well. Variable head permeability (VHP) tests were then conducted to determine their saturated permeability coefficients. Concurrently, mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) tests were conducted to obtain the pore distribution curves and microstructure images of typical samples, respectively. The analysis of the relationship between saturated permeability and pore distribution characteristics in loess-paleosol was analyzed based on the aforementioned experimental results. VHP test results illustrated that the saturated permeability coefficients of loess and paleosol decrease regularly with increasing burying depth, and the values of the saturated permeability coefficients of adjacent loess and paleosol samples are very close. MIP and SEM test results demonstrated a consistent pore structure in loess, whereas paleosol exhibited an irregular clump-fissure structure characterized by the presence of fissures in dense clay clumps. Saturated permeability coefficients were found to be contingent on the content of permeable pores, with loess primarily featuring large pores (pore diameter > 2 μm), and paleosol predominantly consisting of micro-cracks between clumps. Despite their similar permeability coefficients, the permeability mechanism were fundamentally different. This study establishes a theoretical foundation for studying the pore distribution characteristics of loess and paleosol, as well as addressing engineering challenges in loess areas.

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  • 图 1  取样点位置

    Figure 1. 

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    图 2  取样剖面地层年龄分布

    Figure 2. 

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    图 3  基本物理指标

    Figure 3. 

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    图 4  粒度分布曲线

    Figure 4. 

    下载: 全尺寸图片 幻灯片

    图 5  黄土-古土壤序列饱和渗透系数

    Figure 5. 

    下载: 全尺寸图片 幻灯片

    图 6  黄土和古土壤地层序列孔隙分布曲线

    Figure 6. 

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    图 7  黄土-古土壤序列的微观结构图像

    Figure 7. 

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    图 8  饱和渗透系数汇总

    Figure 8. 

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    图 9  不同孔隙体积分数随深度的关系

    Figure 9. 

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    图 10  饱和渗透系数均值与大于2 μm孔隙的体积分数的关系

    Figure 10. 

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    表 1  黄土-古土壤序列的全岩矿物成分

    Table 1.  Composition of rock minerals in the loess-paleosol sequence

    地层 全岩矿物质量分数/% 全岩矿物相对质量分数/%
    石英 钾长石 斜长石 方解石 白云石 黄铁矿 角闪石
    L1 72.5 38.5 1.7 12.5 16.8 2.0 — 1.0
    S1 71.5 38.9 2.5 13.6 13.5 1.8 — 1.2
    L2 78.2 37.6 3.1 12.0 17.0 3.8 0.7 4.0
    S2 72.8 41.9 1.3 10.6 18.2 — — 0.8
    L3 74.8 38.5 3.1 11.4 16.3 3.8 — 1.7
    S3 70.9 38.7 2.7 9.1 17.6 2.0 0.8 —
    下载: 导出CSV

    表 2  黄土-古土壤序列的黏土矿物成分

    Table 2.  Composition of clay minerals in loess-paleosol sequence

    地层黏土矿物质量分数/%黏土矿物相对质量分数/%混层比/%S
    伊蒙混层伊利石高岭石绿泥石绿蒙混层伊蒙混层绿蒙混层
    L127.54436911—45—
    S128.551271012—20—
    L221.83640915—40—
    S227.240351015—45—
    L325.23341917—40—
    S329.154231013—50—
    　　注：“—”表示该地层不存在此种矿物。
    下载: 导出CSV
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收稿日期:  2023-01-05
修回日期:  2023-04-03
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