Comparative study on land subsidence monitoring and control in the Shandong Plain, China and the Greater Houston Area, USA
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摘要:
中国山东省平原区和美国大休斯顿地区都存在过量开采地下水引发的地面沉降问题，休斯顿积累了100多年的监测成果和50多年防控经验，与山东省平原区30多年来的地面沉降监测与防控经验具有一定的相似性。为进一步推动和加强山东省地面沉降监测与防治、地下水资源管理、数字赋能和数据共享，文章对两个地区的地面沉降成因、监测技术、地下水管理和地面沉降防控进行了对比分析。结果表明：过度抽取地下水是导致地面沉降的主要原因，两地都采取了以限制地下水开采为主的地面沉降管理措施，当前沉降面积和沉降速率都趋于减小；两地目前使用的监测方法和技术基本相同，主要使用精密水准测量、分层标或深孔伸缩仪、全球卫星定位系统和干涉合成孔径雷达技术，观测点的密度和监测频次都在逐步增加。然而，两地在观测数据的管理和共享方面存在很大差异。休斯顿地区的地面沉降管理部门主要负责采集数据和协调数据共享，不承担观测数据的处理和研究任务，所有的观测数据都向社会开放，基于观测数据的研究工作主要由美国地质调查局和大学的研究团体承担，研究成果公开发表；山东平原区的地面沉降和地下水位监测由自然资源和水利部门承担，下属的事业单位承担野外观测、数据保管、数据分析和研究，为制定地下水管理规章制度提供科技支撑，部门间的数据共享和整合存在一定困难，限制了对地面沉降的深入系统研究。
Abstract:Both the Shandong Plain in China and the Greater Houston Area in the United States have land subsidence problems that were caused by excessive groundwater pumping. Houston has accumulated more than 100 years of monitoring results and more than 50 years of prevention and control experience, which has certain similarities with the ground subsidence monitoring and control experience of Shandong Plain area in the past 30 years. To further promote and strengthen land subsidence monitoring and prevention, groundwater resource management, digital empowerment, and data sharing in Shandong Province, in this article a comparative study was conducted on the causes of land subsidence, monitoring techniques, groundwater management, and land subsidence prevention and control in the Shandong Plain and the Greater Houston Area. The results indicate that excessive extraction of groundwater is the main cause of land subsidence, and land subsidence management measures based on limiting groundwater extraction have been taken. Currently, the area and rate of subsidence are decreasing in both places. The monitoring methods and techniques used in two places are basically the same, mainly using precision leveling surveying, bench mark fixed on different stratum or borehole extensometers, Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), and Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) techniques, and the density and frequency of observations are gradually increasing. Meanwhile, the management and sharing of observation data is different. The land subsidence management administration agencies in the Houston area are mainly responsible for the collection and sharing of observation data, and do not undertake data processing and research tasks. All observation data are open to the public, and scientific researches based on observation data is mainly undertaken by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and universities. Research results are published on USGS reports or journal articles. Differently, land subsidence and groundwater level monitoring in Shandong Plain are undertaken by the Ministry of Natural Resources and the Ministry of Water Resources, and its affiliated institutions are responsible for field observation, data storage, data analysis and research, as well as formulating regulations for groundwater management. There are certain difficulties in data sharing and integration between departments, which limits in-depth and systematic research on land subsidence.
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Key words:
- land subsidence /
- monitoring and prevention /
- groundwater /
- Shandong, China /
- Houston, USA
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