Characteristics and evolution of geoheritages in Mentougou District in the Xishan area, Beijing
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摘要:
北京门头沟区处于燕山与太行山的交汇处，山地面积占98.5%，属北京西山的核心地区，在漫长的地质历史长河中，留下了丰富的地质遗迹。针对该区地质遗迹分布特征、形成演化缺乏系统研究，并制约其保护利用等问题，在充分利用前人成果的基础上，通过遥感解译、地面调查、岩矿鉴定等，对该区地质遗迹类型进行系统梳理，深入探讨了区内地质遗迹分布特征和形成演化。结果表明：（1）该区地质遗迹丰富、类型多样；目前已查明的各类地质遗迹有100处，涵盖地质剖面、地质构造、古生物化石、地貌景观等多个类型。（2）青白口系、马兰黄土等地质剖面及古生物化石类地质遗迹的分布与中新元古界—第四系地层出露区密切相关；褶皱、断裂等主要分布在妙峰山镇—斋堂镇的中高山地区；燕山期酸性岩体地质遗迹主要沿大型断裂分布；黄土台地、河流阶地、峡谷以及水体景观类主要沿永定河干流及大型支流分布。（3）区内发生多次海侵，形成了诸多地层地质剖面遗迹，芹峪运动、蓟县运动、燕山运动等留下了多处不整合面、断层、褶皱等构造形迹，也主导了多期多种矿床形成。研究结果可为区内地质遗迹资源深入研究及其保护利用提供重要依据。
Abstract:Mentougou District, the core region of Xishan in Beijing, is located at the junction of Yanshan and Taihang mountains, where mountainous areas account for 98.5%. Over the long geological history, it has remained rich geoheritages. The lack of systematic analysis on the distribution characteristics and evolution of geoheritages constraint their protection and utilization of geoheritages in this area. This study has systematically reviewed the types of geoheritages in this area through remote sensing, ground investigation, and rock and mineral identification. The results show that: (1) The rich geoheritages in this area are diverse; 100 types of geoheritages have been identified, including geological profiles, geological structures, paleontological fossils, and landscape geology. (2) The distribution of geological profile types such as the Qingbaikou Series and Malan loess is closely related to the exposure area of the Mesoproterozoic-Quaternary strata. Folds and faults are mainly distributed in the middle and high mountain areas from Miaofengshan Town to Zhaitang Town; the acidic rock mass of Yanshan period are mainly distributed along large faults; loess terraces, river terraces, gorges, and water landscape are mainly distributed along the main channel of the Yongdinghe River and its major tributaries. (3) Multiple marine intrusions in this area created lots of stratigraphic profile relics; the Qin Yu Movement, Jixian Movement, and Yanshan Movement led to many structural features, faults, and folds, which dominated the formation of multiple mineral deposits. This study can provide basic information for further in-depth research on geoheritages and their protection and utilization in this area.
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