Influencing factors of landslides and rockfalls along the Jinchuan-Xiaojin highway in Sichuan
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摘要:
高原山区地质灾害是交通线路最大的危害，而有效避险的关键是掌握沿途地质灾害发生的工程地质条件内因及诱导因素。本文以川西阿坝州高原山区金小公路沿线带状区域内的滑坡、崩塌为研究对象，以地理、地质、气象、遥感资料和实地调查为基础，运用空间分析和数理统计方法，对其形成的影响因素进行了系统研究。结果表明：（1）金汤弧形褶皱形成的同时，区内软硬互层的炭质泥岩、粉砂质泥岩、粉砂岩的地层发生劈理化，喜山期构造运动及频繁的地震活动，加剧了岩石的破碎程度，为区内滑坡、崩塌提供了物源，并为高山峡谷地形地貌的塑造创造了有利条件；（2）区内6–9月份的集中降雨是诱发滑坡、崩塌的主要因素；（3）高山、峡谷、高角度斜坡等地形地貌以及公路建设中坡脚开挖为崩塌、滑坡等埋下了隐患；（4）季节性冻融作用加速了基岩风化破坏，对滑坡、崩塌的形成具有促进作用。
Abstract:Geological hazards in plateau mountainous areas are the greatest hazards to traffic lines, and the key to effectively avoid risks is to grasp the engineering geological factors and inducing factors of geological hazards along the high way. Based on the geographical, geological, meteorological, remote sensing and field investigation, the paper systematically studies the influencing factors of the landslide and collapse in the belt area along the Jinxiao Highway in the plateau of Aba Prefecture in western Sichuan. The results indicate that: (1)the cleavage transformation of the carbonaceous mudstone, silty mudstone and siltstone in the zone, as well as The Himalayan period tectonic movement and frequent seismic activity intensified the fracture of rock mass, provided the material source for the landslide and collapse in the area and created favorable conditions for shaping the topography of the alpine valley; (2)concentrated rainfall in the region from June to September is the main factor triggering landslides and collapses; (3)high mountains, valleys, high-angle slopes and other terrain and geomorphology background and slope foot excavation are also an important factor that triggeringcollapse, landslides;(4)seasonal freezing-thawing accelerates the bedrock weathering failure and promotes the formation of landslides and rockfalls.
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Key words:
- landslides /
- rockfalls /
- Jinxiao highway /
- influencing factors
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表 1 各地层中滑坡、崩塌发育频率
Table 1. Frequency of landslides and collapses developed in different strata
地层 主要岩性 发育密度/（处·km−2） 滑坡 崩塌 T3x 炭质板岩、粉砂质板岩及绢云母板岩 0.241 0.096 T3zh 变质砂岩、变质粉砂岩、含炭绢云母板岩、粉砂质板岩 0.043 0.249 
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表 2 小金县内历史上发生的5级以上的地震
Table 2. The occurred earthquake with the magnitude more than 5 in Xiaojin County in history
宏观震中 发生日期 震级 黄草坪—黑虎碉之间 1989年3月1日 5.0 梭罗寨附近 1989年9月22日 6.6 白果坪 1991年2月18日 5.2
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