甘肃舟曲垭豁口滑坡复活机理及成因探讨

窦晓东; 张泽林

doi:10.16031/j.cnki.issn.1003-8035.2021.02.02

甘肃舟曲垭豁口滑坡复活机理及成因探讨

窦晓东^1,,
张泽林^2, ,

1.
甘肃省地质环境监测院，甘肃兰州　730000

2.
中国农业大学水利与土木工程学院，北京　100083

基金项目: 国家自然科学青年基金(41902269)

详细信息

作者简介: 窦晓东（1984-），男，甘肃兰州人，学士，高级工程师，主要从事地质灾害研究。E-mail：297455517@qq.com

通讯作者: 张泽林（1984-），男，宁夏银川人，博士，讲师，硕士生导师，主要从事地质灾害研究。E-mail：249133236@qq.com

中图分类号: P642.22

收稿日期: 2020-04-03

修回日期: 2020-04-17

刊出日期: 2021-04-25

Mechanism and causal analysis on the Yahuokou landslide reactivation and causes (Zhouqu County, Gansu, China)

DOU Xiaodong^1,,
ZHANG Zelin^2, ,

1.
Geological Environmental Monitoring Institute of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, Gansu　730000, China

2.
College of Water Resources and Civil Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing　100083, China

More Information

Corresponding author: ZHANG Zelin, 249133236@qq.com

Received Date: 03 April 2020

Revised Date: 17 April 2020

Publish Date: 25 April 2021

摘要

摘要:
2019年7月19日18时许，甘肃舟曲县垭豁口滑坡复活，约3.92×10⁶ m³的滑体顺坡而下，迅速流入岷江，堵塞河道，造成河道水位上升，江边公路中断，滑坡变形持续至8月中旬。基于野外勘察、遥感解译、钻孔勘探等方法获取了滑坡变形的基本特征，并开展了滑坡监测工作，并结合气象资料，探讨了该滑坡复活原因及启动机制。初步研究认为，该滑坡为降雨诱发。通过对滑坡变形历史进行梳理，结合滑带证据，滑坡复活机理可概括为：首先上部块体缓慢蠕变，降雨后发生塑性流滑；其次，因上部滑体堆积在滑坡中部，造成中部平台堆载，引发中部滑体变形；最终一滑而下，刮产连带下部滑体坠入河道。滑坡的上中下三部分滑体逐步被激活，最初缓慢变形，随后加速启动。滑坡变形模式为蠕滑—拉裂—流滑。对滑坡变形过程和机理的初步判断为滑坡灾害应急处置提供了科学依据。
- 垭豁口滑坡 /
- 舟曲县 /
- 蠕动 /
- 流滑
Abstract:
The report described a recent landslide happened in Zhouqu Country, China. At 18: 00 pm Beijing time, on July 19, 2019, the Yahuokou landslide was reactivated, about 3.92 × 10⁶ m³ of debris slumped from the slope caused Minjiang River channel blockage, water level rise, and road interruption. Fortunately, nobody was injured. In order to seek the geomorphologic and stratigraphic characteristics, the reactivated causes and the dynamics mechanism of the landslide, field survey, remote sensing image, drilling prospecting, landslide monitoring and rainfall data analysis were conducted. The outlook of the landslide event was given. Evidences of the sliding zone indicated the landslide is a flow-slide deformation pattern. The landslide mechanism is summarized as: firstly, slow plastic flow-slide occurred in the upper sliding body. Then the platform in the middle gentle slope was preloaded by the post upper part failure deposits, resulting in the “cutting and filling” effect. The failure form is creep-tension cracks-debris flow-slide. At last, the block on the lower part slumped. Specifically, the upper, middle and lower parts of the landslide all transferred stress in this mode, being activated step by step, and slowly slumped into the river.
- Yahuokou landslide /
- Zhouqu County /
- slumped /
- flow slid

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图 1 滑坡工程地质平面图

Figure 1.

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图 2 垭豁口滑坡地貌景观

Figure 2.

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图 3-1

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图 3 滑坡发生前后遥感影像图及工程地质剖面图

Figure 3.

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图 4 2019.07.16—22日垭豁口滑坡变形的证据

Figure 4.

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图 5 滑坡位移及降雨监测数据

Figure 5.

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图 6 2019.08.09—16日滑坡再次变形破坏的证据

Figure 6.

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图 7 滑坡钻孔图

Figure 7.

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图 8 滑坡滑动带特征

Figure 8.

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图 9 2019垭豁口滑坡变形特征

Figure 9.

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图 10 滑坡变形过程及发生机理示意图

Figure 10.

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图 11 滑坡潜在影响范围

Figure 11.

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表 1 垭豁口滑坡变形破坏事件统计

Table 1. Approximate timeline of slope deformation and failure at the Yahuokou landslide

时间轴	垭豁口滑坡活动特征
1989年	滑坡首次滑动，堵塞河道形成堰塞湖
2019-07-16	斜坡中部可见20 cm裂缝，并且该部位30 m的下部土方松动。
2019-07-17	在斜坡下部的路面上可见22 cm的裂缝
2019-07-18	道路塌陷，滑体向前移动约20 m，堆积宽度约30 m。
2019-07-19	滑坡再次发生。在中间部分，滑体向前推动45 m，宽度为50 m。一条300 m长的公路在滑坡的前缘被毁。滑坡体积约 3.92×10⁶ m³，主体距岷江100 m。
2019-07-20	滑体又向下推动了10 m，道路周围的农田都发生变形。
2019-07-21	安装了滑坡监测仪器(图3)
2019-08-09—12	滑坡仍在变形。滑坡体处于连续滑动状态，前缘变形区向岷江扩展。
2019-08-14—16	滑坡前缘和中部裂隙增大、变宽，隆起高度增大，偶有碎块落入河中。山体滑坡的松散堆积物坠入河中堵塞宽度约4～8.5 m，部分河道窄至4.8 m。河道上下游水位差约0.4 m，河床略有抬升。

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