The application of UAV LiDAR and tilt photography in the early identification of geo-hazards
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摘要:
近年来，隐蔽性强、突发性高、破坏力大、灾害链长的重大地质灾害频繁发生。如何实现人工排查无法到达区域地质灾害隐患的早期识别，已是地质灾害防治领域必需解决的难题。本文基于无人机载LiDAR和倾斜摄影技术，获取地质灾害隐患点更加精准、精细的地形地貌勘测数据，采用定性与定量相结合方法开展地质灾害隐患早期识别。无人机载LiDAR技术能够“穿透”地表植被，获取真实地表数字高程模型（DEM），据此可计算出地质灾害的关键特征参数，如山体阴影、坡度、等高线、粗糙度以及曲率等微地貌因子。无人机载倾斜摄影技术能够快速获取地质灾害隐患点的三维模型和数字正射影像（DOM），使在三维实景场景模型中开展地质灾害隐患点识别和研判成为可能。通过建立数据综合应用策略，对地质灾害隐患点定性和定量分析，能够实现早期发现、有效识别。本文通过对九寨沟九道拐滑坡点的研究分析，结果表明无人机载LiDAR和倾斜摄影技术在地质灾害隐患早期识别方面具有较大的应用价值。
Abstract:In recent years, serious geological disasters occur frequently in China.These geological disasters are with obvious concealment, high emergency, great destructive power and long disaster chain. The key task of our work in the field of geological disaster prevention and control is the identification and judgement of the hidden dangers in early stage. If these serious geological hazards could be identified early, the prevent and control of them may be initiative. Now the key problem we faced is how to realize the accurate exploration of the hidden dangers in areas where manpower could not reach.The UAV platform has the advantages of strong mobility, good convenience and more load modules.The UAV can carry a variety of sensors which can give full play to various technical advantages and obtain survey data of serious geo-hazards.These data are more accurate.The UAV can carry lidar equipment to penetrate surface vegetation. Accurate three-dimensional laser-point cloud data and real surface data elevation model (DEM) could be obtained. DEM can derive many characteristic parameters of micro-geomorphic factors such as mountain shadow, slope, contour, roughness and curvature etc..The UAV can also be equipped with tilting camera modules which can acquire both real 3D model and digital orthophoto map(DOM).This series of data can complement each other and be applied in combination.We can accurately extract the information of dangerous geological body and rock mass structure surface in different geomorphic environments. Based on these data, we can carry out qualitative and quantitative analysis.Therefore, we can further realize the serious geological hazards.
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Key words:
- UAV /
- LiDAR /
- oblique photography /
- geologic hazard /
- early recognition
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