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云南维西哈达沟中频泥石流特征及堵溃危险性分析

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文章导航 > 中国地质灾害与防治学报 > 2023 > 34(2): 42-52

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王翔弘绅, 胡桂胜, 杨志全, 倪化勇. 云南维西哈达沟中频泥石流特征及堵溃危险性分析[J]. 中国地质灾害与防治学报, 2023, 34(2): 42-52. doi: 10.16031/j.cnki.issn.1003-8035.202112037
引用本文: 王翔弘绅, 胡桂胜, 杨志全, 倪化勇. 云南维西哈达沟中频泥石流特征及堵溃危险性分析[J]. 中国地质灾害与防治学报, 2023, 34(2): 42-52. doi: 10.16031/j.cnki.issn.1003-8035.202112037
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WANG Xianghongshen, HU Guisheng, YANG Zhiquan, NI Huayong. Characteristics of intermediate frequency debris flow and analysis of the hazard of blockage in Hada gully, Weixi County of Yunnan Province[J]. The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control, 2023, 34(2): 42-52. doi: 10.16031/j.cnki.issn.1003-8035.202112037
Citation: WANG Xianghongshen, HU Guisheng, YANG Zhiquan, NI Huayong. Characteristics of intermediate frequency debris flow and analysis of the hazard of blockage in Hada gully, Weixi County of Yunnan Province[J]. The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control, 2023, 34(2): 42-52. doi: 10.16031/j.cnki.issn.1003-8035.202112037
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云南维西哈达沟中频泥石流特征及堵溃危险性分析

  • 1.

    昆明理工大学应急管理部地质灾害风险防控与应急减灾重点实验室/昆明理工大学公共安全与应急管理学院，云南 昆明　650093

  • 2.

    云南省高校高烈度地震山区交通走廊工程地质病害早期快速判识与防控重点实验，云南 昆明　650093

  • 3.

    中国科学院山地灾害与地表过程重点实验室/中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所，四川 成都　610041

  • 4.

    高原科学与可持续发展研究院，青海 西宁　810016

  • 5.

    中国地质调查局探矿工艺研究所，四川 成都　611734

  • 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目“国际（地区）合作与交流项目-多尺度滑坡泥石流灾害链发生机制与风险韧性管控” （41861134008）；The Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS （2020367）；云南省阿瑟夫汉院士工作站 （202105AF150076）；云南省重点研发计划项目（202003AC100002）；云南省基础研究计划面上项目（202001AT070043）
详细信息
    作者简介: 王翔弘绅（1996-）男，四川成都人，硕士，安全工程专业，主要从事山地灾害形成机理与工程防治研究。E-mail：wangxianglaunch@qq.com
    通讯作者: 胡桂胜（1984-）男，江西九江人，博士，副研究员，主要从事山地灾害形成机理与工程防治研究。E-mail：huguisheng@imde.ac.cn

  • 中图分类号: P642.23

Characteristics of intermediate frequency debris flow and analysis of the hazard of blockage in Hada gully, Weixi County of Yunnan Province

  • 1.

    Key Laboratory of Geological Hazard Risk Prevention and Emergency Mitigation, Department of Emergency Management, Kunming University of Science and Technology, School of Public Safety and Emergency Management, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan　650093, China

  • 2.

    Key Laboratory of Early Rapid Identification, Prevention and Control of Geological Diseases in Traffic Corridor of High Intensity Earthquake Mountainous Area of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan　650093, China

  • 3.

    Key Lab of Mountain Hazards and Surface Processes, Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan　610041, China

  • 4.

    Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability, Xining, Qinghai　810016, China

  • 5.

    Institute of Exploration Technology, China Geological Survey, Chengdu, Sichuan　611734, China

More Information

    摘要

  • 中频泥石流具有较大危险性和暴发周期较长的特点，人类活动会诱发其发生并加剧其成灾严重程度，当沟道不能满足泄流输水能力时将发生堵溃，危及两岸甚至是主河河道安全。由于目前中频泥石流危险性分析的缺乏，因此以云南省哈达沟中频泥石流为例，探讨其特征和再次发生泥石流及导致沟道堵溃的危险性，并提出防治建议。结果显示：泥石流重度1.62 t/m3，泥石流沟口流速4.794 m/s，基于暴发频率10%情况下的沟口峰值流量为54.43 m3/s以及一次冲出总量为11072.03 m3；在下游沟道处修建有涵洞，其过流量为16.5 m3/s，小于20 a一遇泥石流流量，一旦发生大型泥石流，则有堵溃危险。研究发现哈达沟中频泥石流危险度为高度危险，堵溃历史判断其再次发生沟道堵溃并有泥石流堵塞腊普河的可能性。

    Intermediate-frequency debris flows has the characteristics of high danger and long outbreak period. Human activities can trigger its occurrence and aggravate its disaster severity. When the channel cannot meet the capacity for drainage and water transport, it will cause blockage and endanger the safety of both sides of the strait and even the main river channel. Due to the lack of analysis on the danger of intermediate-frequency debris flows, this paper takes the intermediate-frequency debris flow in Hada Gully, Yunnan Province as an example to explore its characteristics and the danger of its recurrence and channel blockage caused by debris flows and proposes prevention and control suggestions. The results show that the debris flow has a density of 1.62 t/m3, a flow velocity of 4.794 m/s at the outlet of the channel, a peak flow rate of 54.43 m3/s at the channel outlet and a total discharge of 11072.03 m3 for a single occurrence based on the 10% burst frequency. A culvert was constructed in the downstream channel, with a flow capacity of 16.5 m3/s, which is less than the flow rate of a debris flow once in 20 years. Once a large debris flow occurs, there is a risk of blockage. The study found that the hazard level of intermediate-frequency debris flows in Hada gully is highly dangerous, and the history of blockage indicates the possibility of its recurrence and the risk of debris flow blocking the Lapu River.

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  • 图 1  哈达沟位置

    Figure 1. 

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    图 2  哈达沟地形地貌遥感影像特征图

    Figure 2. 

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    图 3  崩滑堆积物源

    Figure 3. 

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    图 4  沟道堆积物源

    Figure 4. 

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    图 5  维西县月平均降雨量

    Figure 5. 

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    图 6  哈达沟沟口处盖板桥涵特征图和腊普河主河

    Figure 6. 

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    图 7  损毁居民房屋泥痕

    Figure 7. 

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    图 8  堵塞隐患点3过水路面

    Figure 8. 

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    图 9  哈达沟危险分区图

    Figure 9. 

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    表 1  哈达沟泥石流物源汇总统计表

    Table 1.  Summary of source of debris flow in Hada gully

    物源类型坡面侵蚀物源/104 m3崩塌堆积物源/104 m3沟床堆积物源/104 m3合计/104 m3
    总量动储量总量动储量总量动储量总量动储量
    数值306.74.739.653.0512.53.68328.8511.46
    下载: 导出CSV

    表 2  不同频率H24值表

    Table 2.  List of parameters and results of 24-hour rainstorm intensity of different precipitation frequencies in Hada gully

    设计暴雨的频率P倍比
    系数Kp    		H24p
    /mm    		备注
    100年一遇最大日暴雨量（P=1%）2.11 116.05云南省水文
    手册查定
    50年一遇最大日暴雨量（P=2%）1.92105.6
    30年一遇最大日暴雨量（P=3.33%）1.7998.45
    20年一遇最大日暴雨量（P=5%）1.6791.85
    10年一遇最大日暴雨量（P=10%）1.4780.85
    下载: 导出CSV

    表 3  哈达沟泥石流流体重度查表法结果统计表

    Table 3.  List of parameters and results of basic characteristics of the Hada gully debris flow

    易发程度
    数量化评分    		易发程度
    评价    		重度
    /（t·m−3）    		平均重度
    /（t·m−3）    		1+φ
    （γh=2.65）
    97易发1.6691.6111.701
    下载: 导出CSV

    表 4  不同频率下清水洪峰流量计算成果表

    Table 4.  List of parameters and results of peak flow discharge calculation at different precipitation frequencies in Hada gully

    设计暴雨
    频率/%    		流域汇流
    时间/h    		平均1 h降雨强度
    /（mm·h−1）    		最大清水流量
    /（m3·s−1）
    12.7442.9735.95
    22.4239.1531.75
    3.332.2136.3428.81
    51.9934.1326.36
    101.6630.1122.22
    下载: 导出CSV

    表 5  哈达沟泥石流流速计算表

    Table 5.  List of flow velocity results at different site location of the Hada gully debris flow

    序号平均泥深
    /m    		泥位纵坡降
    /‰    		流速系数泥石流流速
    /(m·s−1)
    1（形成区上部）2.000461107.857
    2（形成区中部）2.000416106.633
    3（形成区下部）2.000387106.538
    4（堵塞隐患点7）2.000361106.447
    5（堵塞隐患点6）1.800339106.404
    6（堵塞隐患点5）1.800332106.340
    7（堵塞隐患点4）1.600313105.371
    8（堵塞隐患点3）1.600311105.364
    9（堵塞隐患点2）1.500306104.901
    10（堵塞隐患点1
    公路涵洞）    		1.500296104.869
    111.500285104.832
    12（全流域沟口处）1.200274104.794
    下载: 导出CSV

    表 6  哈达沟泥石流其他动态参数模型

    Table 6.  List of dynamic parameter model of the Hada gully debris flow

    估算模型计算的主要参数设计暴雨频率/%参数特征值
    全沟域不同
    频率下泥石流
    流量/（m3·s−1）    		Qc= QB(1+φ)Dc
    雨洪修正法[15]    		QB由表4所得，
    φ=(γc−1)/(γh−γc)=0.633；
    Dc取1.5，γc取1.62；γh取2.6。    		 1.00 88.06
    2.0077.77
    3.3370.57
    5.0064.57
    10.0054.43
    全沟域不同
    频率下一次
    泥石流总量/m3    		Q=0.264TQC《泥石流灾害防治工程勘查规范》
    （DT/T0220－2006）附录I提供的计算公式[11]    		T=1800 s1.0017906.06
    2.0015818.86
    3.3314478.68
    5.0013132.24
    10.0011072.03
    　　注：表中Qc是泥石流流量。
    下载: 导出CSV

    表 7  泥石流基本特征汇总表

    Table 7.  Summary of basic characteristics of debris flow

    特征项目基本特征分类
    泥石流发生的地形条件泥石流的发生、运动和堆积过程，在发育完整的沟谷内进行，可划分为形成水源区、流通区及堆积区沟谷型泥石流
    物质组成主要为碎石土泥石型
    泥石流流体性质堆积物松散，断面无明显的分选性；流体呈稀浆状，ρc=1.62 t/m3，固体物质ρH=2.6 t/m3。黏性泥石流
    固体物质提供方式上部形成水源区主要为沟道堆积物源，中部流通区主要为崩滑堆积物源及沟道堆积物源滑坡、崩塌
    水体供给雨量充沛，暴雨激发暴雨泥石流
    暴发频率现场调查，资料统计，历年不同危害程度发生中频泥石流
    灾害严重程度哈达村50户222人及启别村64户310人的生命财产安全，以及居民耕地多余0.52km2。并且威胁省道S303线香维公路的安全，总计威胁资产约5000万元，直接经济损失可达1000万元，潜在经济损失巨大。大型
    发展阶段根据物源、坡度、不良地质现象、主河变形情况判定发展期
    成因自然因素为主，人类活动影响较小自然泥石流
    规模根据泥石流一次堆积总量中型
    综合分类暴雨激发、沟谷泥石型、中型、中频发展期黏性泥石流
    下载: 导出CSV

    表 8  下游涵洞泥石流流量计算成果

    Table 8.  List of parameters and results of sediment flush-out calculation of the Hada gully debris flow in downstream culverts

    位置设计暴雨频率
    /%    		最大清水流量
    /（m3·s−1）    		泥石流流量
    /（m3·s−1）
    沟口涵洞136.7189.91
    232.4379.43
    3.3329.4272.07
    526.9265.94
    1022.7055.59
    下载: 导出CSV

    表 9  泥石流危险度分级标准

    Table 9.  Classification standards of hazard level of debris flow

    危险等级轻度危险中度危险高度危险极度危险
    判别标准0～0.350.35～0.60.6～0.850.85～1
    下载: 导出CSV

    表 10  泥石流危险因子等级划分

    Table 10.  Classification of hazard factors of debris flow

    评价因子数值等级危险系数
    00.40.71
    泥石流规模y1/104 m32.48≤1（1，10）[10，100）≥1000.4
    松散物源量y2/104 m3328.85≤10（10，100）[100，200）≥2001
    24 h最大降雨量y3/mm80.85≤25（25，50）[50，100）≥1000.7
    泥石流发生频率y4/%10105210
    沟谷流域面积y5/km28.79≤0.5（0.5，10）[10，35）≥350.4
    主沟长度y6/km5.02≤1（1，5）[5，10）≥100.7
    流域相对高差y7/km1.46≤1（1，1.5）[1.5，2）≥20.4
    不稳定沟床比降y80.461≤0.1（0.1，0.3）[0.3，0.6）≥0.60.7
    下载: 导出CSV

    表 11  矩阵权重计算结果

    Table 11.  Summary of matrix weight calculation results of the Hada Gully debris flow

    y1y2y3y4y5y6y7y8权重
    y1123456790.3698
    y21/212345680.1849
    y31/31/21234570.1233
    y41/41/31/2123460.0925
    y51/51/41/31/212350.0740
    y61/61/51/41/31/21240.0616
    y71/71/61/51/41/31/4130.0528
    y81/91/81/71/61/51/21/310.0411
    下载: 导出CSV

    表 12  哈达沟泥石流危险分区评述

    Table 12.  Description of hazard zones for Hada gully debris flow

    危险等级区域范围
    极危险区哈达沟中下游段至沟口腊普河河边区域，主要为历史最高泥位线以下地区，面积约0.85 km2
    危险区河沟两岸崩塌、滑坡后缘裂隙以上50～100 m的范围，面积约0.19 km2
    影响区高于危险区与危险区相邻的地区，它不会直接与泥石流遭遇，但却有可能间接受到泥石流危害的
    牵连而发生某些级别的灾害的地区，面积约0.27 km2
    下载: 导出CSV
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收稿日期:  2021-12-29
修回日期:  2022-03-19
录用日期:  2022-04-06
刊出日期:  2023-04-25

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