Construction and realization of information platform for geological disaster monitoring and early warning in Qinghai Province
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摘要:
在全球变化的影响下地质灾害发生的频率明显上升，建设青海省地质灾害监测预警信息化平台对于保证地区生命财产安全十分重要。本文从青海省地质灾害监测预警信息化平台的设备布设、系统建设、平台功能、运行现状阐述其建设与实现过程。目前青海省地质灾害监测预警信息化平台已经可以达到地质灾害不同来源，不同批次的灾害点信息统一管理动态更新，做到数据集成化、成果可视化、信息综合化、系统一体化。青海省地质灾害监测预警信息化平台包括地质灾害调查评价系统、地质灾害监测预警系统、地质灾害气象预警系统等10个模块。现阶段所有的普适性监测数据可以同步发送到国家级地质灾害监测数据平台，能够高效支撑地灾预警工作。监测预警信息化平台能够对实时采集的监测数据自动进行分析，支持多种预警模型进行判别；当监测数据发生变化触及预设判别模型时，能够自动发送地灾预警信息。通过系统试运行，已经有了成果监测预警的案例，数据可靠能够满足监测预警的需求。
Abstract:Under the influence of global changes, the frequency of geological disasters in Qinghai Province, which is located in the northeastern part of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, has increased significantly. It is important to build a geological disaster monitoring and early warning information platform in Qinghai Province to reduce the safety of life and property in the area. In this paper, the process of construction and realization of the information platform for geological disaster monitoring and early warning in Qinghai Province is described in terms of equipment deployment, system construction, platform function and operation status. At present, the information platform of geological disaster monitoring and early warning in Qinghai Province has been able to achieve the unified management and dynamic update of disaster information of different sources and batches of geological disasters, and achieve data integration, result visualization, information synthesis and system integration. The information platform of geological disaster monitoring and early warning in Qinghai Province includes 10 modules such as geological disaster investigation and evaluation system, geological disaster monitoring and early warning system, and geological disaster meteorological early warning system. At this stage, all universal monitoring data can be sent to the national geological disaster monitoring data platform synchronously, which can support the work of geological disaster early warning efficiently. The monitoring and early warning information platform can automatically analyze the monitoring data collected in real time and support a variety of early warning models to discriminate; when the monitoring data changes and touches the preset discriminating models, it can automatically send geohazard early warning information. Through the trial run of the system, there have been cases of results monitoring and early warning, and the data is reliable enough to meet the needs of monitoring and early warning.
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表 1 青海省地质灾害监测预警总体部署表
Table 1. Qinghai Province geological disaster monitoring and early warning general deployment table
市州 监测预警点 分布特征 西宁市 145 共威胁人员8221人。其中西宁市区5处，湟中区85处，
湟源县8处，大通县47处。海东市 202 共威胁人员24594人。其中乐都区64处，平安区4处，
民和县42处，互助县44处，化隆县32处，循化县16处。黄南州 19 共威胁人员1902人。其中同仁市15处，尖扎县4处。 海南州 17 共威胁人员2432人，其中共和县1处，同德县3处，
贵南县2处，贵德县9处，兴海县2处。海北州 3 共威胁人员188人，门源县3处。 果洛州 10 共威胁人员834人。其中玛沁县7处，
班玛县2处、达日县1处。玉树州 26 共威胁人员2770人。其中囊谦县20处，
玉树市5处，称多县1处。合计 422 其中滑坡247处，不稳定斜坡131处，
崩塌4处，泥石流47处
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表 2 灾害类型与测项选择
Table 2. Types of hazards and selection of measurement items
灾害类型 监测设备 声光报警 备注 测项 GNSS 裂缝 倾角 加速度 含水率 雨量 泥位 滑坡（潜滑） 岩质 ● ● ⊙ ⊙ ● 按需布置 具体安装位置及数量，根据灾害体规模及特征综合确定 土质 ● ● ⊙ ⊙ ⊙ ● 崩塌（潜崩） 岩质 ⊙ ● ● ● ● 土质 ⊙ ● ⊙ ⊙ ● 泥石流 沟谷型 ⊙ ● ● 坡面型 ⊙ ⊙ ⊙ ● ⊙ 注：●为宜测项，⊙为选测项。来自《地质灾害专群结合监测预警技术指南（试行）》
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