-
摘要:
云南高原岩溶塌陷总的特征是由岩溶高原特定的地质环境、岩溶发育、水文地质以及水文气象和人类工程活动等因素综合影响和决定的，文中通过对这些因素及其作用机制的分析，深化了对高原岩溶塌陷基本特征和发育规律的认识。云南高原岩溶塌陷区域上分布零星，地段上呈现“点状”特征，主要集中发育于岩溶断陷盆地、岩溶槽谷（洼）地、岩溶台地或古高原面等特定的岩溶地质环境单元。主要原因是高原大部分区域为裸露型基岩山区，江河深切，垂直岩溶带发育，地下水埋藏普遍较深；盆、谷、洼地等人类聚居区，除边缘地带外，松散土覆盖层厚度较大，且黏性土层占比高，土体固结度也较高；岩溶发育不均匀，岩溶洞、管发育，但总体上地下岩溶率并不高，引发岩溶塌陷的洞、管较为孤立分散。
Abstract:The general characteristics of karst collapse in Yunnan plateau is comprehensively influenced and determined by the specific geological environment, karst development, hydrogeology, hydrometeorology and human engineering activities. This article analyses these factors and its mechanism, deepen the understanding on the basic characteristics and development law of karst collapse. The karst collapse in Yunnan Plateau is sporadically distributed, showing "point" characteristics, and mainly develops in karst geological environment units such as karst faulted basin, karst trough valley (depression) land, karst platform or ancient plateau surface.The main reason is that most of the plateau is exposed bedrock mountainous area, with deep rivers, vertical karst zones and deep groundwater.In basin, valley, depression and other areas inhabited by human beings, the overburden of loose soil is thicker, the proportion of cohesive soil layer is higher, and the degree of soil consolidation is higher, except for the marginal zone.Karst development is not uniform, karst caves and tubes are developed, but the underground karst rate is not high in general, and the caves and tubes that cause karst collapse are isolated and scattered.
-
Key words:
- karst collapse /
- plateau environment /
- formation mechanism /
- karst hydrogeology /
- yunnan plateau
-
-
表 1 昆明盆地浅覆盖区土层基本物理力学指标[22]
Table 1. Basic physical and mechanical indexes of soil layers in shallow coverage area of Kunming Basin
性质 指标 γ/（g·cm−3） W/% e Ip IL C/kPa ψ/（°） a1−2/kPa−1 Es/kPa R/kPa 残坡积
（Qdl+el）最大平均值 1.96 33.86 0.98 20.54 0.40 69 21.10 0.00033 12464 270 最小平均值 1.83 26.37 0.76 16.04 0.11 42 16.10 0.00017 7364 180 算术平均值 1.89 29.73 0.87 18.08 0.21 56 18.20 0.00023 9728 220 冲洪积
（Qal+pl）最大平均值 1.95 29.00 0.91 15.29 0.58 50 17.93 0.00028 9298 206 最小平均值 1.89 25.62 0.76 11.00 0.31 37 16.30 0.00020 6928 174 算术平均值 1.92 28.23 0.81 13.00 0.44 47 17.37 0.00024 8056 193 
下载: 导出CSV
表 2 昆明地区岩溶塌陷坑分布情况表
Table 2. Distribution of karst collapse pits in Kunming area
塌陷地段 翠湖—圆通山 金马寺 浑水塘—秧田冲 大板桥 马街 庄科山 明朗水库 海口 其他 合计 塌陷坑数/处 116 33 79 24 11 21 76 37 8 405 百分比/% 28.64 8.15 19.51 5.93 2.72 5.19 18.77 9.14 1.98 100
下载: 导出CSV
-
[1] 中华人民共和国国土资源部. 地质灾害排查规范: DZ/T 0284—2015[S]. 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2015
Ministry of Land and Resources of the People’s Republic of China. Specification of dynamic survey on geological hazards: DZ/T 0284—2015[S]. Beijing: Standards Press of China, 2015. （in Chinese）
[2] 许强, 李华, 李术才, 等. 地质灾害分类分级标准（试行）: T∕CAGHP001-2018[S]. 北京: 中国地质灾害防治工程行业协会, 2018
XU Qiang, LI Hua, LI Shucai, et al. Standard of classification for geological hazards: T∕CAGHP001-2018[S]. Beijing: China Association of Geological Hazard Prevention, 2018. （in Chinese with English abstract）
[3] 王宇, 祝传兵, 张杰, 等. 云南高原山区地质灾害与应急地质工作方法[M]. 昆明: 云南科技出版社, 2020
WANG Yu, ZHU Chuanbing, ZHANG Jie, et al. Geological hazards and emergency geological work methods in Yunnan plateau mountains[M]. Kunming: Yunnan Science and Technology Press, 2020. （in Chinese）
[4] 袁道先. 我国岩溶资源环境领域的创新问题[J]. 中国岩溶,2015,34(2):98 − 100. [YUAN Daoxian. Scientific innovation in Karst resources and environment research field of China[J]. Carsologica Sinica,2015,34(2):98 − 100. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.11932/karst20150201
[5] 王宇. 岩溶高原地下水径流系统垂向分带[J]. 中国岩溶,2018,37(1):1 − 8. [WANG Yu. Vertical zoning of groundwater runoff system in karst plateau[J]. Carsologica Sinica,2018,37(1):1 − 8. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[6] 铁永波,徐勇,张勇,等. 南方山地丘陵区地质灾害调查工程主要进展与成果[J]. 中国地质调查,2020,7(2):1 − 12. [TIE Yongbo,XU Yong,ZHANG Yong,et al. Main progresses and achievements of geological hazards survey in hilly area of Southern China[J]. Geological Survey of China,2020,7(2):1 − 12. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[7] 杨迎冬,晏祥省,王宇,等. 云南省地质灾害特征及形成规律研究[J]. 灾害学,2021,36(3):131 − 139. [YANG Yingdong,YAN Xiangsheng,WANG Yu,et al. The characteristics and formation of geological hazards in Yunnan Province[J]. Journal of Catastrophology,2021,36(3):131 − 139. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-811X.2021.03.023
[8] 康彦仁, 项式均, 陈建, 等. 中国南方岩溶塌陷[M]. 南宁: 广西科技出版社, 1990
KANG Yanren, XIANG Shijun, CHEN Jian, et al. Karst collapse of South China[M]. Nanning: Guangxi Science and Technology Press, 1990. （in Chinese with English abstract）
[9] 邹成杰, 张汝清, 光耀华, 等. 水利水电岩溶工程地质[M]. 北京: 水利电力出版社, 1994
ZOU Chengjie, ZHANG Ruqing, GUANG Yaohua, et al. Water conservancy and hydropower karst engineering geology[M]. Beijing: Water Resources and Electric Power Press, 1994. （in Chinese）
[10] 余政兴,金福喜,段选亮. 河床透-阻型岩溶塌陷形成机理[J]. 中国地质灾害与防治学报,2020,31(2):57 − 66. [YU Zhengxing,JIN Fuxi,DUAN Xuanliang. Formation mechanism of karst collapse with unconfined aquifer-aquitaed system in riverbed[J]. The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control,2020,31(2):57 − 66. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.16031/j.cnki.issn.1003-8035.2020.02.08
[11] 蒙彦,雷明堂. 岩溶塌陷研究现状及趋势分析[J]. 中国岩溶,2019,38(3):411 − 417. [MENG Yan,LEI Mingtang. Analysis of situation and trend of sinkhole collapse[J]. Carsologica Sinica,2019,38(3):411 − 417. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[12] 房浩,李巧灵,雷晓东,等. 平原区深层隐伏岩溶塌陷主控因子地球物理调查方法适用性分析[J]. 水文地质工程地质,2020,47(1):153 − 160. [FANG Hao,LI Qiaoling,LEI Xiaodong,et al. Applicability of geophysical survey methods for the main controlling factors of deep covered karst collapse in plain areas[J]. Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology,2020,47(1):153 − 160. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[13] 陈标典,李喜,李祖春,等. 湖北武汉白沙洲隐伏岩溶区地质结构与岩溶塌陷分类[J]. 中国地质灾害与防治学报,2021,32(2):43 − 52. [CHEN Biaodian,LI Xi,LI Zuchun,et al. Types of geological structures and mechanism of karst collapses in Baishazhou,Wuhan City of Hubei Province[J]. The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control,2021,32(2):43 − 52. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.16031/j.cnki.issn.1003-8035.2021.02.06
[14] 郭宇,周心经,郑小战,等. 广州夏茅村岩溶地面塌陷成因机理与塌陷过程分析[J]. 中国地质灾害与防治学报,2020,31(5):54 − 59. [GUO Yu,ZHOU Xinjing,ZHENG Xiaozhan,et al. Analysis on formation mechanism and process of karst collapse in Xiamao Village,Guangzhou City of Guangdong Province[J]. The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control,2020,31(5):54 − 59. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[15] 韩庆定,罗锡宜,易守勇,等. 广东佛山市高明区三洲盆地岩溶塌陷发育特征与时空分布规律[J]. 中国地质灾害与防治学报,2021(3):131 − 139. [HAN Qingding,LUO Xiyi,YI Shouyong,et al. Characteristics and spatial-temporal distribution law of karst collapse in Sanzhou basin in Gaoming District of Foshan City,Guangdong Province[J]. The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control,2021(3):131 − 139. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[16] 江思义,吴福,刘庆超,等. 广西桂林市规划中心城区岩溶塌陷时空分布规律及成因分析[J]. 中国地质灾害与防治学报,2020,31(3):65 − 72. [JIANG Siyi,WU Fu,LIU Qingchao,et al. Spatial-temporal distribution and causes of karst collapse in Guilin planning center,Guangxi Province[J]. The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control,2020,31(3):65 − 72. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[17] 王宇. 云南省地质灾害防治与研究历史评述[J]. 灾害学,2019,34(3):134 − 139. [WANG Yu. Historical review of geological disaster prevention and research in Yunnan Province,China[J]. Journal of Catastrophology,2019,34(3):134 − 139. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-811X.2019.03.025
[18] 李滨,殷跃平,高杨,等. 西南岩溶山区大型崩滑灾害研究的关键问题[J]. 水文地质工程地质,2020,47(4):5 − 13. [LI Bin,YIN Yueping,GAO Yang,et al. Critical issues in rock avalanches in the karst mountain areas of Southwest China[J]. Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology,2020,47(4):5 − 13. (in Chinese with English abstract)
[19] 王宇. 西南岩溶地区岩溶水系统分类、特征及勘查评价要点[J]. 中国岩溶,2002,21(2):114 − 119. [WANG Yu. Classification,features of karst water system and key point for the evaluation to karst water exploration in Southwest China karst area[J]. Carsologica Sinica,2002,21(2):114 − 119. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-4810.2002.02.008
[20] 彭淑惠,王宇,张世涛. 昆明岩溶断陷盆地的环境地质问题及治理对策[J]. 地质灾害与环境保护,2008,19(2):98 − 103. [PENG Shuhui,WANG Yu,ZHANG Shitao. The environmental and geological problems and the countermeasures of the karst fault basin in Kunming[J]. Journal of Geological Hazards and Environment Preservation,2008,19(2):98 − 103. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-4362.2008.02.020
[21] 王宇, 张贵, 张华, 等. 云南省岩溶水文地质环境地质调查与研究[M]. 北京: 地质出版社, 2018
WANG Yu, ZHANG Gui, ZHANG Hua. Karst hydrogeological environment geological survey and research in Yunnan Province[M]. Beijing: Geological Publishing House, 2018. （in Chinese）
[22] 云南省地矿局第一水文地质工程地质大队. 昆明地区城市地质环境综合评价研究[R]. 昆明: 云南省地质矿产局, 1990
The First Hydrogeological Engineering Geological Brigade of Yunnan Provincial Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources. research on comprehensive evaluation of urban geological environment in Kunming[R]. Kunming: Yunnan Provincial Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources. 1990. （in Chinese）
[23] 邓启江,李星宇,吕琼,等. 昆明市岩溶塌陷发育特征和防治措施[J]. 中国岩溶,2009,28(1):23 − 29. [DENG Qijiang,LI Xingyu,LYU Qiong,et al. Development characters and prevention measures of the karst collapse in Kunming[J]. Carsologica Sinica,2009,28(1):23 − 29. (in Chinese with English abstract) doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-4810.2009.01.005
[24] 杨永峰. 泸沽湖机场工程区地质构造对岩溶发育的控制及工程影响[D]. 成都理工大学, 2011
YANG Yongfeng. Geological construction control factors of karst development and project effect for Lugu lake area airport[D]. Chengdu: Chengdu University of Technology, 2011. （in Chinese with English abstract）
[25] 黄奇波, 覃小群, 李腾芳, 等. 云南省丽江市泸沽湖机场岩溶水文地质调查与塌陷易发性评价工作方案[R]. 桂林: 中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所. 2020
HUANG Qibo, QIN Xiaoqun, LI Tengfang, el al. Work plan for karst hydrogeological investigation and collapse susceptibility evaluation of Lugu lake airport in Lijiang City, Yunnan Province[R]. Guiling: Institute of Karst Geology, CAGS. 2020. （in Chinese）
-
图(4)
表(2)
计量
- 文章访问数: 996
- PDF下载数: 40
- 施引文献: 0