Susceptibility assessment of geological hazards based on susceptibility quantitative factors: A case study in Qijiang District, Chongqing City
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摘要:
綦江区是重庆市地质灾害高发区域，本研究以綦江区为研究区，根据区内地形地貌、地质构造并结合DEM数据，提取了斜坡单元内的斜坡结构、坡度、地灾点密度、工程地质岩组、距水系距离、岩层倾角和地质构造共7项主要致灾因子，进行量化分析并结合地质灾害野外现场核查和修正其各因子权重和分级赋值后，采用层次分析法进行斜坡单元地质灾害易发性评价，探索建立适合綦江区的地质灾害易发性评价体系。
Abstract:Qijiang District is a high-risk area for geological hazards in Chongqing. In this study, Qijiang District is selected as the research area. Based on the topography, geomorphology, geological structure, and DEM data of the region, seven main factors of geological hazards within slope units were extracted, including slope structure, slope gradient, density of geological disaster points, engineering geological lithology, distance to the water system, inclination angle of rock strata, and geological structure. These factors were quantitatively analyzed and combined with field inspection of geological hazards to revise the weights and grading of each factor. The analytic hierarchy process was used to evaluate the susceptibility of geological hazards within slope units. Through this process, this study aims to establish a geological disaster susceptibility evaluation system suitable for Qijiang District.
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Key words:
- Qijiang District /
- slope unit /
- quantitative factor /
- analytic hierarchy process /
- susceptibility model
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表 1 斜坡结构因子易发性量化指标
Table 1. Quantitative index of susceptibility factor of slope structure
地灾
类型斜坡
结构分级面积比 地灾面积
占比易发性指标
滑坡
数据近水平 0.06 0.01 −1.80 顺向坡 0.17 0.56 1.20 斜向坡 0.31 0.17 −0.60 横向坡 0.30 0.20 −0.40 逆向坡 0.16 0.06 −1.00 崩塌
数据近水平 0.06 0.004 −2.78 顺向坡 0.17 0.105 −0.47 斜向坡 0.31 0.340 0.09 横向坡 0.30 0.202 −0.39 逆向坡 0.16 0.349 0.76 
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表 2 孕灾体点密度因子易发性量化指标
Table 2. Quantitative index of susceptibility factor of the point density of the disaster-pregnant body
地灾
类型斜坡
结构分级面积比 地灾面积
占比易发性指标
滑坡
数据<0.2 0.47 0.14 −1.33 [0.2, 0.4) 0.34 0.30 −0.24 [0.4, 0.6) 0.11 0.24 0.61 [0.6, 0.8) 0.06 0.24 1.35 [0.8, 1.0] 0.02 0.08 1.47 崩塌
数据<0.2 0.47 0.49 0.30 [0.2, 0.4) 0.34 0.96 0.59 [0.4, 0.6) 0.11 0.05 0.03 [0.6, 0.8) 0.06 0.09 0.05 [0.8, 1.0] 0.02 0.05 0.03
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表 3 工程地质岩组因子易发性量化指标
Table 3. Quantitative index of susceptibility factor of engineering geological lithology
地灾
类型地质
岩组主要岩性 分级面
积比地灾面积
占比易发性
指标滑坡
数据Ⅰ1 灰岩、白云岩 0.02 0.014 −0.49 Ⅰ2 含泥质灰岩 0.01 0.004 −1.22 Ⅱ1 泥岩、砂岩 0.17 0.175 0.08 Ⅱ2 砂岩夹页岩 0.63 0.761 0.20 Ⅱ3 厚层状砂岩 0.03 0.013 −0.80 Ⅲ1 泥灰岩夹粉砂岩、页岩 0.02 0.030 0.52 Ⅲ2 灰岩夹页岩 0.10 0.001 −4.55 Ⅲ3 页岩与灰岩 0.02 0.002 −2.40 崩塌
数据Ⅰ1 灰岩、白云岩 0.02 0.187 2.07 Ⅰ2 含泥质灰岩 0.01 0.007 −0.69 Ⅱ1 泥岩、砂岩 0.17 0.040 −1.40 Ⅱ2 砂岩夹页岩 0.63 0.491 −0.24 Ⅱ3 厚层状砂岩 0.03 / / Ⅲ1 泥灰岩夹粉砂岩、页岩 0.02 0.002 −1.92 Ⅲ2 灰岩夹页岩 0.10 0.273 1.05 Ⅲ3 页岩与灰岩 0.02 / /
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表 4 坡度因子易发性量化指标
Table 4. Quantitative index of susceptibility factor of slope gradient
地灾类型 坡度/（°） 分级面积比 地灾面积占比 易发性指标 滑坡
数据<10 0.2199 0.161 −0.31 [10, 20) 0.3969 0.482 0.20 [20, 30) 0.2530 0.298 0.16 [30, 40) 0.0949 0.051 −0.61 [40, 50) 0.0264 0.007 −1.38 [50, 60) 0.0067 0.001 −1.62 [60, 70) 0.0017 / / >70 0.0005 / / 崩塌
数据<10 0.2199 0.015 −2.65 [10, 20) 0.3969 0.090 −1.48 [20, 30) 0.2530 0.203 −0.22 [30, 40) 0.0949 0.273 1.07 [40, 50) 0.0264 0.231 2.19 [50, 60) 0.0067 0.129 3.02 [60, 70) 0.0017 0.057 3.78 >70 0.0005 0.002 3.11
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表 5 距水系距离因子易发性量化指标
Table 5. Quantitative index of susceptibility factor of distance from water system
地灾
类型距水系
距离/km分级面积比
地灾面积占比
易发性
指标滑坡
数据<0.2 0.33 0.612 0.64 [0.2, 0.4) 0.26 0.176 −0.39 [0.4, 0.6) 0.18 0.124 −0.38 [0.6, 0.8) 0.12 0.068 −0.57 [0.8, 1) 0.06 0.019 −1.16 ≥1.0 0.05 0.001 −4.35
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表 6 岩层倾角因子易发性量化指标
Table 6. Quantitative index of susceptibility factor of inclination angle of rock strata
地灾
类型岩层
倾角/（°）分区面
积比地灾面积
占比易发性
指标滑坡
数据<10 0.191 0.225 0.18 [10, 20) 0.455 0.409 −0.09 [20, 30) 0.216 0.343 0.48 [30, 40) 0.081 0.015 −1.70 [40, 50) 0.038 0.005 −2.06 [50, 60) 0.015 0.002 −1.86 [60, 70) 0.003 / / >70 0.001 0.001 −0.47 崩塌
数据<10 0.191 0.4214 0.81 [10, 20) 0.455 0.1483 −1.10 [20, 30) 0.216 0.3421 0.48 [30, 40) 0.081 0.0666 −0.18 [40, 50) 0.038 0.0210 −0.59 [50, 60) 0.015 / / [60, 70) 0.003 0.0006 −1.83 >70 0.001 / /
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表 7 地质构造因子易发性量化指标
Table 7. Quantitative index of susceptibility factor of geological structure
地灾
类型距断层
距离/km分区面
积比地灾面积
占比易发性
指标滑坡
数据(0, 0.5] 0.084 0.139 0.51 (0.5, 1] 0.079 0.079 0.01 (1, 1.5] 0.076 0.041 0.63 (1.5, 2] 0.075 0.068 0.08 (2, 2.5] 0.073 0.056 0.26 (2.5, 3] 0.068 0.085 0.23 (3, 3.5] 0.063 0.023 −0.99 (3.5, 4] 0.054 0.015 −1.30 (4, 4.5] 0.045 0.017 −0.95 (4.5, 5] 0.038 0.018 −1.77 >5 0.345 0.459 −0.29 崩塌
数据(0, 0.5] 0.084 0.072 0.09 (0.5, 1] 0.079 0.133 0.76 (1, 1.5] 0.076 0.069 0.14 (1.5, 2] 0.075 0.061 0.04 (2, 2.5] 0.073 0.003 −3.00 (2.5, 3] 0.068 0.228 −1.86 (3, 3.5] 0.063 0.134 −1.99 (3.5, 4] 0.054 0.088 −1.71 (4, 4.5] 0.045 0.105 −1.09 (4.5, 5] 0.038 0.004 −1.90 >5 0.345 0.103 −0.97
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表 8 滑坡影响因素分级层次分析法权重取值表
Table 8. The weighted value table of the hierarchical analysis for landslide influencing factors
滑坡评价
因子权重 因子
分级易发性指标
易发性指标归一化
斜坡
结构0.20 近水平 −1.80 0.00 顺向坡 1.20 0.47 斜向坡 −0.60 0.19 横向坡 −0.40 0.22 逆向坡 −1.00 0.13 地灾点密度 0.17 <0.2 −1.33 0.00 [0.2, 0.4) −0.24 0.11 [0.4, 0.6) 0.61 0.22 [0.6, 0.8) 1.35 0.33 [0.8, 1.0) 1.47 0.34 工程地质岩组 0.15 Ⅰ1 −0.49 0.15 Ⅰ2 −1.22 0.12 Ⅱ1 0.08 0.17 Ⅱ2 0.20 0.17 Ⅱ3 −0.80 0.14 Ⅲ1 0.52 0.18 Ⅲ2 −4.55 0.00 Ⅲ3 −2.40 0.08 坡度
/(°)0.20 (0, 10] −0.31 0.21 (10, 20] 0.20 0.30 (20, 30] 0.16 0.29 (30, 40] −0.61 0.16 (40, 50] −1.38 0.04 (50, 60] −1.62 0.00 (60, 70] / / >70 / / 距水系距离
/km0.15 <0.2 0.64 0.25 [0.2, 0.4) −0.39 0.20 [0.4. 0.6) −0.38 0.20 [0.6, 0.8) −0.57 0.19 [0.8, 1.0) −1.16 0.16 ≥1.0 −4.35 0.00 岩层
倾角
/(°)0.08 (0, 10] 0.18 0.25 (10, 20] −0.09 0.22 (20, 30] 0.48 0.29 (30, 40] −1.70 0.04 (40, 50] −2.06 0.00 (50, 60] −1.86 0.02 (60, 70] / / >70 −0.47 0.18 距断层距离
/km0.05 (0, 0.5] 0.51 0.17 (0.5, 1] 0.01 0.13 (1, 1.5] −0.63 0.06 (1.5, 2] −0.08 0.12 (2, 2.5] −0.26 0.10 (2.5, 3] 0.23 0.15 (3, 3.5] −0.99 0.03 (3.5, 4] −1.30 0.00 (4, 4.5] −0.95 0.03 (4.5, 5] −0.77 0.05 >5 0.29 0.15
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表 9 崩塌影响因素分级层次分析法权重取值表
Table 9. The weighted value table of the hierarchical analysis for the collapse influencing factors
崩塌评价
因子权重
因子
分级易发性指标
易发性指标归一化
斜坡结构 0.20 近水平 −2.78 0.00 顺向坡 −0.47 0.21 斜向坡 0.09 0.26 横向坡 −0.39 0.22 逆向坡 0.76 0.32 地灾点密度 0.15 <0.2 0.30 0.23 [0.2, 0.4) 0.59 0.45 [0.4, 0.6) 0.03 0.02 [0.6, 0.8) 0.05 0.04 [0.8, 1.0] 0.03 0.02 >1.0 0.30 0.23 工程地质
岩组0.20 Ⅰ1 2.07 0.38 Ⅰ2 −0.69 0.12 Ⅱ1 −1.40 0.05 Ⅱ2 −0.24 0.16 Ⅱ3 − − Ⅲ1 −1.92 0.00 Ⅲ2 1.05 0.29 Ⅲ3 − − 坡度
/(°)0.30 (0, 10] −2.65 0.00 (10, 20] −1.48 0.04 (20, 30] −0.22 0.08 (30, 40] 1.07 0.12 (40, 50] 2.19 0.16 (50, 60] 3.02 0.19 (60, 70] 3.78 0.21 >70 3.11 0.19 岩层
倾角
/(°)0.05 (0, 10] 0.81 0.31 (10, 20] −1.10 0.09 (20, 30] 0.48 0.27 (30, 40] −0.18 0.19 (40, 50] −0.59 0.14 (50, 60] − − (60, 70] −1.83 0 >70 − − 距断层距离
/km0.10 (0, 0.5] 0.09 0.10 (0.5, 1] 0.76 0.12 (1, 1.5] 0.14 0.10 (1.5, 2] 0.04 0.10 (2, 2.5] −3.00 0.00 (2.5, 3] −0.86 0.07 (3, 3.5] 0.99 0.13 (3.5, 4] 0.71 0.12 (4, 4.5] 1.09 0.14 (4.5, 5] −1.90 0.04 >5 −0.97 0.07
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表 10 地质灾害易发性分区统计表
Table 10. Statistical table of geological disaster susceptibility zones
易发性等级 高易发区 中易发区 低易发区 非易发区 斜坡面积/km2 519.99 1021.29 598.93 47.27 占比/% 23.77 46.69 27.38 2.16
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表 11 近年来灾（险）情易发性统计表
Table 11. Statistical table of geological disasters （hazards） susceptibility in recent years
易发分区 地灾点数量/个 占比/% 高易发区 30 58.82 中易发区 17 33.33 低易发区 4 7.85 非易发区 0 0
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