Analysis on the relationship between geological hazard and lithology , geological structure in Yibin City of Sichuan Province
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摘要:
针对宜宾市地质灾害数量大、类型多、分布不均等问题，以宜宾市地质灾害隐患与地层岩性-地质构造耦合关系为切入点，在资料搜集、遥感解译、野外调查的基础上，分析总结了地层岩性、地质构造对地质灾害隐患的控制效应，可为宜宾市地质灾害防灾减灾工作的分区部署提供科学支撑。研究结果表明：宜宾市地质灾害隐患与地层岩性关系密切，滑坡（含不稳定斜坡）、崩塌、地面塌陷在软硬相间的块状-层状碎屑岩岩组中广泛分布，较坚硬层状-块状碳酸盐岩岩组与软硬相间碎屑岩岩组的过渡部位亦有利于崩塌的发育，泥石流则分布在易被风化、可提供丰富物源的岩组中。区域地质构造控制了地质灾害隐患的整体分布，主要表现为褶皱、断层走向与地质灾害隐患整体展布具有一致性。对于不同的局部构造环境，地质灾害隐患发育程度明显不同，在褶皱构造中地质灾害隐患主要分布在距褶皱核部2 km以外的区域，距离褶皱核部越远，地质灾害隐患点密度有逐渐增大的趋势；在断层构造中距断层面越近地质灾害隐患点密度越大，距离在1 km以内断层对地质灾害隐患的控制效应尤为明显。大致以高县凤滩村—江安县和平村为界，研究区北部应重点关注滑坡（含不稳定斜坡）地质灾害隐患，建议采取群测群防的防治措施，南部应重点关注崩塌、地面塌陷地质灾害隐患，建议采取专业监测、搬迁避让的防治措施。
Abstract:Based on the large number, diverse types and uneven distribution of geological disasters in Yibin City, this study takes the coupling relationship between geological disaster and lithology - structure as a starting point. Through data collection, remote sensing interpretation and field investigation, this study analyzed and summarized the control effects of formation lithology and geological structure on geological disasters. The findings can provide scientific support for the zoning and deployment of geological disaster prevention and mitigation in Yibin City. The results show that geological disasters in Yibin City are closely related to lithology. Landslides （including unstable slopes）, collapses, and ground collapses are widely distributed in soft and hard massive layered clastic rock formations. Additionally, the transition zone between hard layered massive carbonate rock formation and soft hard clastic rock formation is conducive to the development of collapse. Debris flows are distributed in rock formations that are easily weathered and can provide rich material sources. Regional geological structure also influences the overall distribution of geological disasters, particularly the consistency between the strike of folds and faults and the overall distribution of geological disasters. The degree of geological disaster development varies with different local tectonic environments. In fold structures, geological disasters are primarily concentrated within 2 km of the fold core, with density increasing gradually as the distance from the fold core increases. In the fault structure, the density of geological disasters points increases as one approaches the fault plane, with the control effect of faults on geological disasters particularly evident within 1 km. This study recommends that the northern part of the study area, specifically Fengtan Village in Gaoxian County and Heping Village in Jiang’an County, prioritize landslide prevention and control measures, such as group prevention and group strategy. In contrast, the southern part should prioritize measures to prevent and control collapses and ground collapses, such as professional monitoring, relocation, and avoidance.
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Key words:
- geological disasters /
- formation lithology /
- geological structure /
- Yibin City
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表 1 研究区地质灾害类型和数量统计表
Table 1. Type and quantity statistics of geological disaster in the study area
类型 大型/处 中型/处 小型/处 合计/处 百分比/% 滑坡（含不稳定斜坡） 9 152 722 883 64.97 崩塌 5 102 291 398 29.29 地面塌陷 2 0 60 62 4.56 泥石流 0 4 12 16 1.18 
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表 2 研究区不同工程地质岩组中地质灾害发育情况
Table 2. Geological disasters development in different engineering geological lithologies in the study area
工程地质岩类及岩组 滑坡（含不
稳定斜坡）/处崩塌
/处地面
塌陷/处泥石流
/起岩类 岩组 地层及代号 岩浆岩类 坚硬的块状玄武岩岩组 峨眉山玄武岩组（P2β） 8 4 1 0 碎屑岩类 较硬的块状砂岩岩组 打儿函组（K1d）、窝头山组（K1w） 59 20 0 0 软硬相间的块状-层状砂岩、泥岩、页岩岩组 三合组（K2s）、天马山组（K1t）、蓬莱镇组（J3p）、
上沙溪庙组（J2s）、下沙溪庙组（J2xs）341 72 1 3 软硬相间的层状砂岩、粉砂岩、泥岩、页岩岩组 高坎坝组（K2g）、新田沟组（J2x） 3 1 0 0 软硬相间的块状-层状砂岩、粉砂岩、
泥页岩夹灰岩岩组珍珠冲组（J1z）、自流井组（J1-2z）、
长兴组（P2c）、龙潭组（P2l）97 32 16 2 软硬相间的块状砂岩夹泥页岩岩组 须家河组（T3xj） 54 14 2 3 软硬相间的层状粉砂岩、页岩、灰岩岩组 湄潭组（O1m） 28 7 0 0 软硬相间的层状页岩夹灰岩、砂岩岩组 飞仙关组（T1f） 70 80 37 0 软硬相间的层状粉砂岩、页岩夹泥灰岩、灰岩岩组 罗惹坪组（S1lr） 22 10 0 0 软弱的层状页岩夹泥灰岩岩组 龙马溪组（S1l）、五峰组（O3w）、中上志留统（S2-3） 34 25 0 1 软弱的层状页岩、泥岩岩组 遂宁组（J3s）、梁山组（P1l） 92 12 1 3 碳酸盐岩类 软硬相间的层状白云岩、灰岩夹粉砂岩、泥岩岩组 雷口坡组（T2l、）、嘉陵江组（T1j） 31 29 0 4 较坚硬的层状白云岩、白云质灰岩岩组 娄山关群（∈2-3ls）、高台组（∈2g） 17 20 1 0 较坚硬的层状-块状灰岩岩组 栖霞组（P1q）、茅口组（P1m） 15 69 3 0 软硬相间的块状—层状灰岩夹粉砂岩、
泥页岩岩组临湘组（O2l）、宝塔组（O2b）、
桐梓组（O1t）、红花园组（O1h）10 3 0 0 松散岩类 砾、砂、砂土、亚黏土类 全新统（Qhal）、更新统（Qpal） 2 0 0 0
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图(4)
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