Study on the method for determining the position of landslide slip surface based on “D” type inclinometer curve
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摘要:
在实际的深孔位移监测中，测斜曲线的突变特征是滑动面辨识的关键依据，前人通过大量的研究总结将滑动面迹象显著的测斜曲线类型分为了“B”型、“D”型、“r”型等几种。其中，对于“D”型测斜曲线通常是将曲线的鼓包凸起点作为滑动面的位置，但这种方法容易受到测点布置间隔和横纵坐标观测尺度的影响，存在滑面位置定义不清晰、数值不确定的问题。为了能够有效地克服这些缺点，提升测斜曲线滑动面辨识的准确度，基于“D”型测斜曲线变化特征，将滑坡抽象为由“滑动体”“滑动区间”以及“不动体”三者组成的概化模型，根据三者抗弯刚度的差异建立外界荷载作用下的杆件力学模型，深入分析滑坡运动过程中不同深度处土体的变形特点。研究表明，由于“D”型曲线滑动面并未完全贯通，使得土体沿深度方向变形连续无突变，力学模型中杆件正负弯矩的分界点是变形曲线水平位移最大处，能够真实地反映滑坡变形特点以及滑动面的位置。将土体累计位移转化为相对位移，则“D”型深孔测斜曲线变为了“S”型相对位移-深度曲线，且“S”型曲线的拐点与滑动面的位置相近；通过提取监测期内不同深度处土体的平均相对位移，运用三次样条插值法计算“S”型区段内拐点的深度值，能够更加精准地确定滑动面位置，更好地提升深孔位移监测的可靠度和准确度，具有较大的实用价值。
Abstract:In borehole monitoring for deep displacement, the abrupt characteristics of inclinometer curves are the key basis for identifying the sliding surface. Previous studies have summarized several types of inclinometer curve patterns that exhibit significant sliding surface signals, including “B” “D”and “r” types. For “D” type inclinometer curves, the convex point of the curve is typically used as the position of the sliding surface. However, this method is susceptible to the influence of observation points spacing and coordinate observation scales, which can result in an unclear definition of the sliding surface position and uncertain numerical values. To overcome these drawbacks and improve the accuracy of sliding surface identification in inclinometer curves, a generalized model of landslides composed of “sliding body” “sliding interval” and “immovable body” was developed based on the variation characteristics of the “D” type inclinometer curve. A mechanical strut model subjected to external loads was established based on the different flexural rigidity of the three members, and the deformation characteristics of soil at different depths during landslide movement were analyzed in depth. The study found that the sliding surface of “D” curve does not entirely penetrate, leading to continuous soil deformation along the depth direction without abrupt change. The demarcation point of the positive and negative bending moments in the mechanical model is a location where the horizontal displacement of deformation curve is the largest, which can reflect the real deformation characteristics of the landslide and the position of the sliding surface. By converted the accumulated soil displacement into relative displacement, the “D” type inclinometer curve is transformed into “S” type relative displacement-depth curve, and the inflection point of the “S” type curve is close to the position of the sliding surface. By extracting the average relative displacement of soil at different depths during the monitoring period and calculating the depth value of the inflection point in the “S” type segment by using the cubic spline interpolation method, the position of the sliding surface can be determined more accurately, which can greatly improve the reliability and accuracy of deep displacement monitoring and has significant practical value.
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表 1 深孔测斜曲线典型类型
Table 1. Typical types of deep-hole inclinometer curve
曲线类型 坡体破坏类型 曲线特征 滑坡变形破坏情况 滑动面发展程度 钟摆型 倾倒变形 累计位移在整个深度范围内于初测值附近摆动，
摆动幅度一般小于10 mm滑坡岩土体的深部位移很小，
边坡处于稳定状态未贯通 “V”型 顺层溃屈 上部位移较大而底部位移很小，曲线总体呈线性特征 滑坡内部没有形成明显的滑动面，
处于蠕动变形阶段未贯通 “r”型 切层滑移、顺层滑移、崩塌 累计位移在一个较浅的位置产生较为明显的突变，
而其下部的位置则相对较小滑坡岩土体在浅部形成明显的滑动面 贯通 “D”型 切层滑移、顺层溃屈 累计位移在某一个较深的位置产生突变，
而其上部产生近似整体的移动滑坡深部产生了一个明显的滑动面 接近贯通 “B”型 顺层滑移 累计位移在多个位置产生较为明显的突变，
曲线呈现类似“阶梯”或“波浪”状滑坡岩土体内部形成了多个滑动面 接近贯通 
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