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全风化花岗岩残积土长距离剪切特性试验研究

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文章导航 > 中国地质灾害与防治学报 > 2025 > 36(2): 96-106

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毛无卫, 潘龙, 冯晨锐, 牟旭, 崔寅兵, 郭桢, 黄雨. 全风化花岗岩残积土长距离剪切特性试验研究[J]. 中国地质灾害与防治学报, 2025, 36(2): 96-106. doi: 10.16031/j.cnki.issn.1003-8035.202412048
引用本文: 毛无卫, 潘龙, 冯晨锐, 牟旭, 崔寅兵, 郭桢, 黄雨. 全风化花岗岩残积土长距离剪切特性试验研究[J]. 中国地质灾害与防治学报, 2025, 36(2): 96-106. doi: 10.16031/j.cnki.issn.1003-8035.202412048
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MAO Wuwei, PAN Long, FENG Chenrui, MOU Xu, CUI Yinbing, GUO Zhen, HUANG Yu. Experimental study on long-distance shear characteristics of fully weathered granite residual soil[J]. The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control, 2025, 36(2): 96-106. doi: 10.16031/j.cnki.issn.1003-8035.202412048
Citation: MAO Wuwei, PAN Long, FENG Chenrui, MOU Xu, CUI Yinbing, GUO Zhen, HUANG Yu. Experimental study on long-distance shear characteristics of fully weathered granite residual soil[J]. The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control, 2025, 36(2): 96-106. doi: 10.16031/j.cnki.issn.1003-8035.202412048
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全风化花岗岩残积土长距离剪切特性试验研究

  • 同济大学土木工程学院，上海　200092

  • 基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目（2024YFC3012603）
详细信息
    作者简介: 毛无卫（1986—），男，副教授，博士，博士生导师，主要从事地质灾害机理与防治相关的科研和教学工作。E-mail：maowuwei@tongji.edu.cn

  • 中图分类号: P694

Experimental study on long-distance shear characteristics of fully weathered granite residual soil

  • College of Civil Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai　200092, China

    摘要

  • 近年来，随着全球气候变化和人类工程活动的加剧，我国东南地区因降雨引发的群发性滑坡事件频发，严重威胁着人民的生命和财产安全。全风化花岗岩残积土作为这类滑坡灾害的主要地质载体，深入研究其力学特性对于揭示群发性滑坡的孕育演化机制具有重要意义。文章选取全风化花岗岩残积土为研究对象，综合考虑正应力（20 kPa，50 kPa，100 kPa，150 kPa）、含水率（0，5%，10%，20%和30%）和剪切速率（10°/min，20°/min，40°/min，和80°/min）的影响，开展了一系列环剪试验，旨在探究全风化花岗岩残积土在滑坡启动阶段及长距离运动阶段的力学行为，尤其是长距离剪切特性。试验结果表明：土体的抗剪强度与含水率有着密切关系，随着含水率的增加，抗剪强度先降低后升高再降低，当含水率达到30%时，土体会出现明显的应变硬化现象。此外，土体的抗剪强度还与正应力、剪切速率和相对密实度密切相关。具体表现为，正应力越大，土体的峰值抗剪强度和残余抗剪强度越高，且对峰值抗剪强度的影响更为显著，同时应变软化现象也更加明显；剪切速率越大，土体的峰值抗剪强度和残余抗剪强度总体呈下降趋势，对峰值抗剪强度的影响大于对残余抗剪强度的影响，且表观黏度降低。研究成果可为群发滑坡灾害防治提供重要的理论支持。

    In recent years, with the intensification of global climate change and human engineering activities, mass landslide events triggered by rainfall have become frequent in southeast China, posing serious threats to the lives and property safety of the people. Fully weathered granite residual soil, as the main geological carrier of such landslide disasters, has significant importance for revealing the mechanisms of the formation and evolution of landslide clusters through in-depth study of its mechanical properties. This paper selects fully weathered granite residual soil as the research subject and considers the effects of normal stress (20 kPa, 50 kPa, 100 kPa, 150 kPa), water content (0, 5%, 10%, 20%, and 30%), and shear rate (10°/min, 20°/min, 40°/min, and 80°/min) to conduct a series of ring shear tests. The aim is to explore the mechanical behavior of fully weathered granite residual soil during the landslide initiation and long-distance movement phases, especially its long-distance shear characteristics. Experimental results show that the shear strength of the soil is closely related to its water content; as the water content increases, the shear strength initially decreases, then increases, and decreases again. At a water content of 30%, the soil exhibits significant strain hardening. In addition, the shear strength of the soil is closely related to normal stress, shear rate, and relative density. Specifically, the higher the normal stress, the higher the peak and residual shear strengths of the soil, with a more significant effect on peak shear strength and more pronounced strain softening; the higher the shear rate, the overall downward trend in peak and residual shear strengths, with a greater effect on peak shear strength than on the residual shear strength, and lower the apparent viscosity. The findings of this study provide important theoretical support for the prevention and control of mass landslide disasters within this region.

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  • 图 1  浙江省丽水市松阳县象溪镇下麻厂黄金福房后滑坡

    Figure 1. 

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    图 2  SRS-150型环剪装置

    Figure 2. 

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    图 3  全风化花岗残积土试样级配曲线

    Figure 3. 

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    图 4  试样制备

    Figure 4. 

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    图 5  制备完成后的试样

    Figure 5. 

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    图 6  剪应力−剪切位移曲线（正应力20 kPa、50 kPa）

    Figure 6. 

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    图 7  抗剪强度与含水率的关系（正应力20 kPa）

    Figure 7. 

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    图 8  抗剪强度与含水率的关系（正应力50 kPa）

    Figure 8. 

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    图 9  剪应力−剪切位移曲线（不同正应力）

    Figure 9. 

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    图 10  抗剪强度与正应力的关系

    Figure 10. 

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    图 12  剪应力−剪切位移曲线（不同相对密实度）

    Figure 12. 

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    图 13  抗剪强度与相对密实度的关系

    Figure 13. 

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    图 14  轴向位移−剪切位移曲线（不同相对密实度）

    Figure 14. 

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    图 15  剪应力−剪切位移曲线（不同剪切速率）

    Figure 15. 

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    图 16  抗剪强度与剪切速度的关系

    Figure 16. 

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    图 17  轴向位移−剪切位移曲线（不同剪切速率）

    Figure 17. 

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    图 18  表观黏度−剪切位移曲线（不同剪切速率）

    Figure 18. 

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    图 19  土样剪切后剪切带情况

    Figure 19. 

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    图 11  轴向位移−剪切位移曲线（不同正应力）

    Figure 11. 

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    表 1  同济大学SRS−150型环剪仪主要参数

    Table 1.  Main parameters of the SRS−150 ring shear instrument at Tongji University

    主要参数 大小
    剪切盒内径/mm 100
    剪切盒外径/mm 150
    最大装填试样高度/mm 31
    有效试样面积/cm2 98
    剪切速率/（°·min−1） 0.001～360
    最大轴向压力/kN 10
    峰值扭矩/（N·m） 250
    轴向位移/mm 0～50
    下载: 导出CSV

    表 2  全风化花岗残积土物理特性

    Table 2.  Physical properties of the tested soil

    参数 密度/（g·cm−3） 天然含水率/% 比重 最大孔隙比 最小孔隙比
    取值 1.066～1.698 10.451 2.644 1.4776 0.5552
    下载: 导出CSV

    表 3  环剪试验工况表

    Table 3.  Ring shear testing conditions

    试验
    编号    		 正应力
    /kPa    		 剪切速率
    /（°·min−1）    		 剪切位移
    /mm    		 含水率
    /%    		 相对密实度
    /%
    R1 20 10 130.8 0 71.83
    R2 50 10 130.8 0 71.83
    R3 100 10 130.8 0 71.83
    R4 150 10 130.8 0 71.83
    R5 20 10 130.8 5 71.83
    R6 20 10 130.8 10 71.83
    R7 20 10 130.8 20 71.83
    R8 20 10 130.8 30 71.83
    R9 50 10 130.8 5 71.83
    R10 50 10 130.8 10 71.83
    R11 50 10 130.8 20 71.83
    R12 50 10 130.8 30 71.83
    R13 50 20 130.8 0 71.83
    R14 50 40 130.8 0 71.83
    R15 50 80 130.8 0 71.83
    R16 50 10 130.8 0 14.68
    R17 50 10 130.8 0 44.53
    下载: 导出CSV
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