鸭绿江端元粒度分级样品常量元素控制因素分析及物源识别

方海超; 黄朋; 孙家文; 于永海; 李安春

doi:10.16562/j.cnki.0256-1492.2018053001

鸭绿江端元粒度分级样品常量元素控制因素分析及物源识别

1.
国家海洋环境监测中心, 大连116023

2.
国家海洋局海域管理技术重点实验室, 大连 116023

3.
中国科学院海洋研究所，青岛 266071

4.
中国科学院海洋地质与环境重点实验室，青岛 266071

基金项目:
国家自然科学基金项目：“末次冰消期以来北黄海‘源’-‘汇’系统演化及其对海平面变化的响应”(41076032)、“末次盛冰期黄海陆架气候变化的钙质结核硼-碳-氧同位素记录”(41276052)；国家海洋公益性行业专项(201405025)

详细信息

作者简介: 方海超(1986—)，男，硕士，工程师，主要从事海洋沉积学研究，E-mail:hcfang@nmemc.org.cn

通讯作者: 孙家文(1983—)，男，博士，副研究员，主要从事海岸动力地貌学研究，E-mail:jwsun@nmemc.org.cn

中图分类号: P736.21

文凤英编辑

收稿日期: 2018-05-30

修回日期: 2018-12-03

刊出日期: 2019-06-28

Provenance and controlling factors of major elements in graded components of sediments from the Yalu River

1.
National Marine Environmental Monitoring Center, Dalian 116023, China

2.
Key Laboratory of Sea-area Management Technology, SOA, Dalian 116023, China

3.
Institute of Oceanology, the Chinese Academy of sciences, Qingdao 266071, China

4.
Key Laboratory of Marine Geology and Environment, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China

More Information

Corresponding author: SUN Jiawen, jwsun@nmemc.org.cn

Received Date: 30 May 2018

Revised Date: 03 December 2018

Publish Date: 28 June 2019

摘要

摘要:
对鸭绿江河口表层沉积物陆源组分进行了水动力敏感粒度分级，以消弱“粒度效应”对沉积物地球化学组成的影响。通过多元统计方法，对不同粒级样品内常量元素含量特征、控制因素、源区特征等内容进行了探讨，并与全样测试结果进行对比分析。结果表明：源区化学风化程度是控制常量元素分布的主要因素，“粒度效应”和表生环境下的自生作用对常量元素的分布也有一定的控制作用，但“粒度效应”主要控制8μm以下样品内元素分布；源区目前处于以斜长石风化为主的中等化学风化程度阶段，风化产物未遭受钾交代影响；Al₂O₃、Fe₂O₃、MgO、MnO、TiO₂、P₂O₅六种元素在>63μm、32~63μm和8~32μm 3个粒级内含量相近，8μm以下样品随粒级减小元素含量显著增加，CaO、Na₂O两种元素在各粒级内含量分布特征与上述6种元素相反，高K₂O含量且未受“粒度效应”控制，可作为鸭绿江端元的指示性元素。根据流域岩性特征分析，>2μm粒级样品可能主要来自鸭绿江中下游地区变质基底和花岗质侵入体的风化产物；而 < 2μm粒级样品则可能主要来自鸭绿江上游地区基性侵入体的风化产物。此外，对比分析还表明，全样测试结果仅相当于分粒级样品的均值水平，极大地掩盖了不同粒级内元素地球化学特征的差异性和规律性。因此，在利用全样地球化学特征进行物源示踪时需综合考虑。
- 表层沉积物 /
- 粒度分级 /
- 常量元素 /
- 物源识别 /
- 鸭绿江
Abstract:
Terrigenous surface sediments taken from the Yalu River estuary were separated into grades in order to reduce the control of grain size on sediment geochemistry. With the statistical method for multivariate, major elements content, controlling factors and provenance characteristics of samples were discussed grade by grade in this paper, compared with the original testing data for bulk samples. The results show that the chemical weathering intensity in the provenance is the major factor controlling the distribution patterns of major elements. Grain size and authigenesis also play certain roles in control over the distribution patterns of elements in the samples smaller than 8μm. The provenance is now suffering from moderate chemical weathering characterized by the weathering of plagioclase and never affected by potassium replacement. The differences in Al₂O₃、Fe₂O₃、MgO、MnO、TiO₂、P₂O₅ contents in the fractions >63μm、32~63μm and 8~32μm are rather small, but increased significantly in the fraction smaller than 8μm. The contents of CaO and Na₂O in each fraction are opposite to those of the above six elements, suggesting the consistency of lithology of provenance rocks. The K₂O, which can be used as an indicative element, remains high in each grain fraction. According to the lithologic characteristics of provenance, the components >2μm are mainly coming from metamorphic basement and granitic intrusive rocks at the middle and lower reaches, while the components < 2μm are mainly from the weathering products of basic intrusive rocks from the upper reach. Comparative analysis also suggests that the original bulk sample test results are close to the average of graded samples. As the result, the differences and change trend of geochemical characteristics between grades are hard to be observed. Therefore, integrated consideration is required in case the original geochemical data of bulk samples are used to trace the provenance.
- surface sediments /
- grain size classification /
- major elements /
- provenance identity /
- Yalu River

HTML全文

图 1 鸭绿江河口表层沉积物地球化学分析采样站位

Figure 1.

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图 2 鸭绿江河口表层沉积物样品A-CN-K图解

Figure 2.

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图 3 鸭绿江河口常量元素F₁-F₂判别方程图解

Figure 3.

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图 4 处理前(虚线)后(实线)沉积物粒度频率曲线变化

Figure 4.

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表 1 鸭绿江河口表层沉积物粒度参数

Table 1. Grain size parameters of surface sediments in the Yalu River estuary

编号	中值粒径/Φ	平均粒径/Φ	分选系数	偏态系数	峰态系数	砂组分/%	粉砂组分/%	黏土组分/%
YL-01	6.6	6.9	1.6	1.1	2.0	0.2	73.5	26.3
YL-02	5.4	5.8	1.7	1.7	2.3	6.4	80.0	13.5
YL-03	5.9	6.1	1.9	1.5	2.4	17.3	64.2	18.5
YL-04	6.3	6.6	1.8	1.3	2.1	2.2	74.3	23.6
YL-05	2.4	2.9	1.5	2.0	2.6	85.2	12.7	2.1
YL-06	6.3	6.6	1.7	1.3	2.1	0.4	76.3	23.3
YL-07	6.8	7.0	1.6	1.0	1.9	0.3	72.6	27.1
YL-08	3.5	4.0	1.3	1.8	2.4	72.4	24.5	3.1
YL-09	6.7	6.9	1.6	1.0	2.0	1.0	71.3	27.7
最大值	6.8	7.0	1.9	2.0	2.6	85.2	80.0	27.7
最小值	2.4	2.9	1.3	1.0	1.9	0.2	12.7	2.1
平均值	5.6	5.9	1.6	1.4	2.2	20.6	61.0	18.4
YL01	6.3	6.5	1.7	1.4	2.2	2.7	76.6	20.6
YL02	5.1	5.5	1.9	1.7	2.5	24.1	63.1	12.9
YL03	5.7	5.9	2.1	1.5	2.6	24.8	57.1	18.1
YL04	6.2	6.4	1.9	1.4	2.3	8.9	69.1	22.0
YL05	2.5	2.9	1.4	2.0	2.6	87.4	10.5	2.1
Yl06	6.5	6.6	1.8	1.3	2.2	3.1	74.1	22.8
YL07	6.9	7.1	1.6	1.0	1.9	0.1	68.5	31.4
YL08	3.5	3.8	1.3	1.8	2.4	77.8	19.3	2.9
YL09	6.7	6.8	1.8	1.2	2.2	2.6	71.1	26.3
最大值	6.9	7.1	2.1	2.0	2.6	87.4	76.6	31.4
最小值	2.5	2.9	1.3	1.0	1.9	0.1	10.5	2.1
平均值	5.5	5.7	1.7	1.5	2.3	25.7	56.6	17.7
注：YL-01—YL-09为处理后样品测试，YL01—YL09为全样测试。

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表 2 鸭绿江河口表层沉积物常量元素含量特征

Table 2. The major elements contents of surface sediments in the Yalu River estuary

%
编号	Al₂O₃	Fe₂O₃	CaO	MgO	K₂O	Na₂O	MnO	TiO₂	P₂O₅
YL01	14.84	3.13	0.74	1.20	3.06	1.91	0.03	0.88	0.03
YL02	12.15	2.35	0.90	1.00	3.23	2.31	0.03	0.74	0.03
YL04	10.44	1.83	1.23	0.73	3.09	2.66	0.03	0.61	0.03
YL06	15.41	3.43	0.81	1.29	3.16	2.03	0.03	0.84	0.03
YL07	15.86	3.99	0.80	1.55	3.13	1.92	0.04	0.85	0.05
YL09	16.09	3.93	0.64	1.37	3.18	1.73	0.03	0.87	0.05
站位均值	14.13	3.11	0.85	1.19	3.14	2.09	0.03	0.80	0.04
标准偏差	2.30	0.87	0.20	0.29	0.06	0.34	0.00	0.11	0.01
变异系数	0.16	0.28	0.24	0.24	0.02	0.16	0.11	0.13	0.27
>63μm	11.64	1.35	0.83	0.63	3.28	2.54	0.01	0.45	0.02
32~63μm	12.69	3.12	1.10	1.27	3.14	2.66	0.03	0.55	0.05
8~32μm	11.01	3.04	1.15	1.39	2.73	2.49	0.04	0.85	0.04
2~8μm	17.12	5.96	0.69	2.47	3.26	1.63	0.05	0.95	0.08
< 2μm	18.35	8.43	0.36	2.41	3.00	0.71	0.06	0.95	0.15
粒级均值	14.16	4.38	0.83	1.64	3.08	2.01	0.04	0.75	0.07

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表 3 鸭绿江河口表层沉积物样品化学蚀变指数

Table 3. The chemical index of alteration of surface sediments in the Yalu River estuary

编号	CIA		粒级/μm	CIA
编号	全样	处理后样品	粒级/μm	CIA
YL01	72	72	>63	64
YL02	65	71	32~63	65
YL04	60	69	8~32	63
YL06	72	67	2~8	75
YL07	73	70	< 2	82
YL09	74	73
注：CIA= Al₂O₃/[Al₂O₃+ CaO^+ K₂O+ Na₂O]100。当CaO的摩尔数大于Na₂O时，m_CaO^=m_Na₂O，而小于Na₂O时，则m_CaO^=m _CaO^[25]。本文中CaO^*依据此方法计算获得。

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表 4 鸭绿江河口表层沉积物全样常量元素相关性

Table 4. The correlation coefficient of major elements for bulk samples in the Yalu River estuary

	Al₂O₃	Fe₂O₃	CaO	MgO	K₂O	Na₂O	MnO	TiO₂	P₂O₅	CIA	砂/%	粉砂/%	黏土/%
Al₂O₃	1.00
Fe₂O₃	0.98	1.00
CaO	-0.91	-0.85	1.00
MgO	0.96	0.98	-0.84	1.00
K₂O	0.01	0.04	-0.18	0.08	1.00
Na₂O	-0.96	-0.93	0.97	-0.90	-0.03	1.00
MnO	0.39	0.51	-0.06	0.59	-0.17	-0.21	1.00
TiO₂	0.95	0.89	-0.97	0.89	-0.01	-0.98	0.21	1.00
P₂O₅	0.71	0.82	-0.67	0.76	0.20	-0.74	0.39	0.59	1.00
CIA	0.99	0.96	-0.95	0.94	0.01	-0.99	0.31	0.98	0.69	1.00
砂/%	-0.68	-0.69	0.39	-0.61	0.61	0.57	-0.50	-0.53	-0.46	-0.62	1.00
粉砂/%	0.49	0.36	-0.36	0.27	-0.67	-0.45	-0.05	0.50	-0.03	0.49	-0.75	1.00
黏土/%	0.60	0.71	-0.28	0.66	-0.36	-0.48	0.76	0.38	0.68	0.52	-0.86	0.31	1.00
注：相关系数\|r\|≥0.85时，在0.01水平上显著相关；\|r\| < 0.85时，在0.05水平上显著相关。

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表 5 鸭绿江河口表层沉积物分级样品常量元素相关性

Table 5. The correlation coefficient of major elements for graded samples in the Yalu River estuary

	Al₂O₃	Fe₂O₃	CaO	MgO	K₂O	Na₂O	MnO	TiO₂	P₂O₅	CIA	砂/%	粉砂/%	黏土/%
Al₂O₃	1.00
Fe₂O₃	0.57	1.00
CaO	-0.41	-0.38	1.00
MgO	0.91	0.70	-0.15	1.00
K₂O	0.97	0.51	-0.53	0.81	1.00
Na₂O	-0.67	-0.81	0.82	-0.58	-0.69	1.00
MnO	0.18	0.67	0.37	0.55	-0.01	-0.18	1.00
TiO₂	0.83	0.58	-0.61	0.69	0.80	-0.82	0.09	1.00
P₂O₅	0.62	0.85	-0.02	0.81	0.48	-0.58	0.81	0.63	1.00
CIA	0.99	0.63	-0.54	0.89	0.97	-0.78	0.17	0.88	0.63	1.00
砂/%	0.14	0.18	0.32	0.14	0.16	0.12	0.16	0.10	0.34	0.07	1.00
粉砂/%	-0.36	0.02	0.50	-0.24	-0.38	0.32	0.26	-0.16	0.23	-0.39	0.80	1.00
黏土/%	0.15	-0.10	-0.45	0.08	0.15	-0.24	-0.23	0.05	-0.29	0.20	-0.93	-0.96	1.00
注：相关系数\|r\|≥0.85时，在0.01水平上显著相关；\|r\| < 0.85时，在0.05水平上显著相关。

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表 6 鸭绿江河口表层沉积物分级样品常量元素旋转矩阵

Table 6. The rotation matrix of major elements for graded samples in the Yalu River estuary

分析要素	成份
分析要素	1	2	3
Al₂O₃	0.90	-0.04	0.27
Fe₂O₃	0.57	0.06	0.69
CaO	-0.71	0.38	0.31
MgO	0.70	-0.03	0.62
K₂O	0.95	-0.03	0.07
Na₂O	-0.83	0.21	-0.24
MnO	-0.07	0.12	0.99
TiO₂	0.91	0.04	0.15
P₂O₅	0.49	0.27	0.82
CIA	0.94	-0.09	0.25
砂/%	0.14	0.97	0.06
粉砂/%	-0.31	0.91	0.12
黏土/%	0.12	-0.98	-0.10
贡献方差/%	44.80	23.23	21.96
累积方差/%	44.80	68.03	89.98

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表 7 分级样品与全样元素含量差异百分比

Table 7. Percentage difference in content of elements between grading samples and bulk samples

%
粒级/μm	Al₂O₃	Fe₂O₃	CaO	MgO	K₂O	Na₂O	MnO	TiO₂	P₂O₅
>63	17.65	56.54	2.15	46.97	4.31	21.44	50.44	43.42	41.72
32~63	10.23	0.23	28.87	7.02	0.05	27.07	14.18	30.83	20.93
8~32	22.08	2.31	34.98	17.12	13.16	18.88	34.55	6.98	1.89
2~8	21.16	91.47	18.82	107.45	3.64	21.88	70.92	18.83	98.24
< 2	29.87	170.91	57.56	102.68	4.36	66.28	89.52	18.66	284.29

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