Thermal evolution modeling and present geothermal field of the Lishui Sag of East China Sea Basin
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摘要:
东海陆架盆地丽水凹陷烃源岩埋深大、钻井少、油气发现少，至今对其生油气能力具有较大的争议。为明确烃源岩热演化史，从少量具备实测地层温度和镜质体反射率（Ro）资料的钻井出发，利用正演模拟方法，通过地温与地层深度相关性分析，将钻井地温研究结果外推到无井区。在恢复丽水凹陷探井岩石圈结构及其演化史的基础上，首次系统建立了丽水凹陷的区域地温场并分析其对烃源岩演化的作用。研究表明，古新统下段月桂峰组底界（T100）烃源岩大部分都已成熟，次洼中心局部过成熟；月桂峰组顶界（T90）烃源岩大部分处于低熟—成熟阶段，次洼中心局部高—过成熟；灵峰组顶界（T85）烃源岩处于未熟—低熟状态，西次洼中心有成熟烃源岩。烃源岩特征及演化分析表明，古新统下段月桂峰组烃源岩是丽水凹陷的主力生油气烃源岩。
Abstract:Hydrocarbon source rocks are deeply buried in the Lishui Sag of East China Sea Basin, where drilling wells are rare and encountered only a few oil and gas discoveries. There are hot debates over the hydrocarbon generating capacity of the basin. Careful study has been made for this time to clarify the thermal evolutionary history of source rocks. Starting from drilling wells with measured formation temperature and vitrinite reflectance (Ro) data, using the forward simulation method, and through the correlation between temperature and stratum depth, we extrapolated the results of drilling temperature research to non-well areas. On the basis of restoring lithospheric structure and its evolution history, the regional geothermal field of the Lishui Sag has been systematically established for the first time. The impacts of geothermal field onto source rock evolution are analyzed. Data shows, most of the source rocks at the bottom of Yueguifeng Formation in the lower part of Paleocene are mature and the sub-depression center is partly over-matured; most of the source rocks at the top of Yueguifeng Formation are in the stage of low-maturity and maturity, the sub-depression center is partly high-mature to over-mature; the source rocks at the top of the Lingfeng Formation are immature to low-maturity, and there are mature source rocks at the center of the western sub-depression. According to the analysis of source rock characteristics and evolution, the source rocks in the lower Paleocene Yueguifeng Formation should be the main source rocks for hydrocarbon generation in the Lishui Sag.
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表 2 LS5井岩石圈模型参数
Table 2. Lithospheric modeling parameters of LS5
岩石圈原始厚度ho=125 km[21] 岩石圈现今厚度ho=80 km 上地壳放射性生热率Qr0=2.8 μW/m3 原始地壳厚度hc=35 km 现今地壳厚度hc=21.5 km 上地壳热导率=3.5 W/mK 原始上地幔厚度hm=90 km 现今上地幔厚度hm=52 km 下地壳热导率=3.1 W/mK 研究区现今纬度=27° 基底深度db=6 499 m 上地幔热导率=2.5 W/mK 软流圈顶部温度Tb=1 330 ℃ 上地壳密度ρc上 =2.7 g/cm3 上地壳比热容=900 J·kg−1·K−1 拉张时间ts=27.1 Ma 下地壳密度ρc下 =2.9 g/cm3 下地壳比热容=1 050 J·kg−1·K−1 地壳拉张系数βc=1.63 上地幔密度ρm =3.4 g/cm3 上地幔比热容=1 200 J·kg−1·K−1 
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表 3 丽水凹陷岩石密度和热属性参数
Table 3. Density and thermal properties of rocks encountered in Lishui Sag
岩性 密度
/(g/cm3)热导率
/(W/mK)生热率
/(μW/m3)比热容
/(J·kg−1·K−1)砾岩 2.7 4.18 0.85 820 砂岩 2.65 3.85 0.7 855 粉砂岩 2.65 3.35 0.96 910 泥岩 2.72 1.62 1.5 860 煤 1.6 0.46 0.38 1 300
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表 4 丽水凹陷热流值及相关参数
Table 4. Heat flow values and related parameters in Lishui Sag
井号 测温深度/m 平均地温梯度
/(℃/100 m)基底热流
/(mW/m2)LS1井 2 665.8 2.78 48.26 LS2井 2 000.5 3.17 50.16 LS3井 2 798 2.96 49.06 LS4井 2 801 3.14 53.95 LS5井 2 791 3.21 56.08 LS6井 2 902.7 2.59 48.53 LS7井 3 022.4 3.43 54.86 LS8井 2 574～2 587.5 2.60 54.30 LS9井 3 117 2.69 41.78 LS10井 − 3.24 54.88 LS11井 2 032.67 3.26 58.53 LS12井 2 467.26 3.27 56.81 LS13井 − 3.26 53.39 LS14井 2 698.1 3.33 53.48 LS15井 1 050 3.65 62.79 LS16井 2 325 3.21 61.46 LS17井 4 015 2.72 55.56 LS18井 3 803 2.78 47.55 LS19井 3 040 2.95 44.76
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