Target geochemical exploration for oil and gas on the south central Laoshan uplift of the South Yellow Sea Basin: seabed oil-gas seepage and double halo-type geochemical anomaly
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摘要:
通过对南黄海盆地崂山隆起中南部163站位油气地球化学样品采集、烃类气体和芳烃类指标的分析测试，以及地球化学异常提取，揭示了烃类地球化学指标的异常分布特征，分析了海底油气渗漏和表面地球化学异常的关系，建立了油气地球化学异常模式。吸附甲烷、吸附重烃气体、顶空甲烷、顶空重烃气体、芳烃及其衍生物总量（260 nm）和稠环芳烃总量（320 nm）的地球化学异常均围绕高石3构造呈环状分布，并且烃类气体指标异常较芳烃类指标异常更靠近这一圈闭构造的外侧。地球化学异常的平面分布和沿主要地震剖面的垂向分布特征显示烃类地球化学异常的形成可能与高石3构造及深部油气藏的分布和垂向渗漏有关，并据此建立了围绕高石3构造的双环状地球化学异常模式。内环主要芳烃类指标异常，可能由高石3构造上部残留油藏渗漏形成，外环主要为烃类气体异常，可能由高石3构造深部原生气藏渗漏形成。表面地球化学异常与高石3构造边缘断裂构造的关系显示，无论是内环异常，还是外环异常均与高石3构造边缘断裂构造在空间上密切相关，预示着这些断裂构造可能是深部油气垂向渗漏运移的主要路径，同时也意味着高石3构造是崂山隆起中—古生界海洋油气钻探的首选构造。
Abstract:Geochemical samples of 163 sites are collected from the south central Laoshan uplift of the South Yellow Sea Basin and analyzed for oil and gas geochemical indices including hydrocarbon gases and aromatic hydrocarbons. From the analysis results, geochemical anomalies are extracted, the relationship of seabed geochemical anomalies with the seepage of oil and gas revealed, and the model of geochemical anomalies established. The geochemical anomalies of adsorbed methane, adsorbed heavy hydrocarbon gas, headspace methane, headspace heavy hydrocarbon gas, total aromatic hydrocarbons and their derivatives (260 nm) and total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (320 nm) are circularly distributed around the Gaoshi 3 structure, and the hydrocarbon gas anomalies are closer to the outside of the trap than the aromatic hydrocarbon anomalies. The horizontal and vertical distribution patterns of geochemical anomalies along major seismic profiles suggest that the formation of hydrocarbon geochemical anomalies may be related to the Gaoshi 3 structure and vertical leakage of deep reservoirs. Based on the observation, a double halo geochemical anomaly model around the Gaoshi 3 structure is established. The inner halo anomalies are mainly aromatic hydrocarbon index anomalies, which may be caused by the seepage of residual reservoirs in the upper part of the Gaoshi 3 structure, while the outer halo anomalies are mainly hydrocarbon gas anomalies, caused by the seepage of primary gas reservoirs in the deep part of the Gaoshi 3 structure. The relationship between surface geochemical anomalies and marginal faults of the Gaoshi 3 structure shows that both inner and outer halo anomalies are closely related to the margin faults of the Gaoshi 3 structure in space, indicating that these marginal faults may be the main migration path for deep oil and gas vertical leakage, at the same time, also meaning that the Gaoshi 3 structure is the first choice for drilling well to explore the Mesozoic-Paleozoic marine oil and gas on the Laoshan uplift..
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表 1 南黄海崂山隆起目标区地球化学指标数值特征
Table 1. Data characteristic of geochemical indicators
指标 最小值 最大值 均值 标准偏差 变异系数 吸附甲烷（μL/kg） 3.42 849.49 80.21 87.71 1.09 吸附乙烷（μL/kg） 0.11 9.63 2.40 2.39 1.00 吸附丙烷（μL/kg） 0.04 2.99 0.85 0.79 0.93 吸附异丁烷（μL/kg） 0.01 0.27 0.02 0.02 1.00 吸附正丁烷（μL/kg） 0 0.96 0.27 0.25 0.93 吸附异戊烷（μL/kg） 0.01 0.73 0.21 0.18 0.86 吸附正戊烷（μL/kg） 0.01 0.36 0.12 0.10 0.83 吸附重烃气体（μL/kg） 0.25 14.66 3.88 3.69 0.95 顶空甲烷（μL/L） 0.57 36.18 9.49 4.84 0.51 顶空乙烷（μL/L） 0.03 0.53 0.17 0.08 0.47 顶空丙烷（μL/L） 0.03 0.39 0.16 0.05 0.31 顶空异丁烷（μL/L） 0.03 0.80 0.13 0.14 1.08 顶空正丁烷（μL/L） 0.01 0.20 0.10 0.04 0.40 顶空重烃气体（μL/L） 0.22 1.32 0.56 0.20 0.36 芳烃及其衍生物228 nm（ω（B）（10-9）） 21.00 3 142.80 868.12 986.18 1.14 芳烃及其衍生物260 nm（ω（B）（10-9）） 12.30 3 334.10 591.42 854.38 1.44 芳烃及其衍生物296 nm（ω（B）（10-9）） 6.30 3 283.70 455.80 749.10 1.64 稠环芳烃320 nm（ω（B）（10-9）） 0.10 127.00 15.94 14.37 0.90 稠环芳烃360 nm（ω（B））10-9）） 0.10 277.00 12.40 24.49 1.98 稠环芳烃405 nm（ω（B）（10-9）） 0.10 200.00 5.64 17.15 3.04 
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