Estimated gas hydrate saturation from the reservoir of clayey silt with sandy interlayers at Site U1517, Tuaheni landslide complex on the Hikurangi margin, New Zealand
-
摘要:
准确评估新西兰Hikurangi边缘Tuaheni滑坡复合体（TLC）区域的天然气水合物含量与储层分布对TLC慢滑移现象与产生机制的解释有重要作用。本文分析了IODP372航次U1517站位测井和取心数据，发现在局部地层纵波速度增加（＞1.7 km/s）和电阻率升高（＞1.5 Ω·m）的104～160 mbsf层段存在天然气水合物，其中112～114、130～145和150～160 mbsf层段饱和度相对较高。根据岩性划分了不同井段对应的矿物成分含量，用于纵波速度模型计算，并利用简化三相介质（STPE）和改进的Biot-Gassmann模型（BGTL）分别估算了104～160 mbsf层段的天然气水合物饱和度，平均饱和度分别为5.2%和6.0%，最高饱和度分别为22.7%和21.6%。同时，与阿尔奇公式估算的水合物饱和度比较，在104～160 mbsf层段3种方法估算的饱和度值随深度变化相似，天然气水合物平均饱和度相近（约6.0%），在130～145 mbsf层段的水合物平均饱和度最高（约8.5%）。本研究使用两种声速模型和更为精细的参数估算饱和度，其估算结果更为可靠，可为Tuaheni滑坡复合体慢滑移现象研究提供良好的基础数据支撑。
-
关键词:
- 天然气水合物 /
- 水合物饱和度 /
- STPE和BGTL模型 /
- 新西兰Hikurangi边缘 /
- IODP372航次
Abstract:Accurate assessment of natural gas hydrate saturation and reservoir distribution in the Tuaheni landslide complex (TLC) area on the Hikurangi margin, New Zealand plays a critical role in explaining the creeping TLC phenomenon and its forming mechanisms. Gas hydrates are discovered in the interval from 104 mbsf to the BGHS at 160 mbsf based on the logging- while-drilling (LWD) and coring data from the site U1517 located on the extensional and creeping part of the TLC. Elevated P-wave velocity (＞1.7 km/s), electrical resistivity (＞1.5 Ω·m), and the high saturation intervals occur in 112～114 mbsf, 130～145 mbsf and 150～160 mbsf respectively. The mineral components of different well intervals are used to calculate the P-wave velocity, to estimate the gas hydrate saturation of the 104～160 mbsf interval with the simplified three-phase equation (STPE) and the biot- gassmann theory by Lee (BGTL) models, and the average saturation was 5.2% and 6.0% and the highest was 22.7% and 21.6%, respectively. Adoption of the new method made it more efficient to get BGTL model parameters. Compared with the hydrate saturation estimated by the Expedition 372 from the Archie equation was used, the average gas hydrate saturation is similar in the 104～160 mbsf interval (about 6.0%) and about 8.5% in the interval of 130～145 mbsf. In this study, two sound velocity models were used to estimate the hydrate saturation of U1517, making the results more reliable. The accurate estimation of the gas hydrate saturation and distribution at site U1517 will provide basic data for simulation of the creeping TLC phenomenon on the Hikurangi margin.
-
Key words:
- gas hydrate /
- hydrate saturations /
- STPE and BGTL /
- the Hikurangi margin /
- IODP 372
-
-
[1] Nixon M F, Grozic J L H. Submarine slope failure due to gas hydrate dissociation: a preliminary quantification [J]. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 2007, 44(3): 314-325. doi: 10.1139/t06-121
[2] Brewer P G. Gas hydrates and global climate change [J]. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 2000, 912(1): 195-199.
[3] Wallace L M, Webb S C, Ito Y, et al. Slow slip near the trench at the Hikurangi subduction zone, New Zealand [J]. Science, 2016, 352(6286): 701-704. doi: 10.1126/science.aaf2349
[4] Mountjoy J J, Pecher I, Henrys S, et al. Shallow methane hydrate system controls ongoing, downslope sediment transport in a low-velocity active submarine landslide complex, Hikurangi Margin, New Zealand [J]. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 2014, 15(11): 4137-4156. doi: 10.1002/2014GC005379
[5] Singh C. Multiphase fluid flow in presence of Transverse Magnetic Field [J]. Eos Transactions American Geophysical Union, 1987(53).
[6] Townend J. Estimates of conductive heat flow through bottom-simulating reflectors on the Hikurangi and southwest Fiordland continental margins, New Zealand [J]. Marine Geology, 1997, 141(1-4): 209-220. doi: 10.1016/S0025-3227(97)00073-X
[7] Henrys S A, Ellis S, Uruski C. Conductive heat flow variations from bottom-simulating reflectors on the Hikurangi margin, New Zealand [J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 2003, 30(2): 1065.
[8] Pecher I A, Henrys S A, Zhu H. Seismic images of gas conduits beneath vents and gas hydrates on Ritchie Ridge, Hikurangi margin, New Zealand [J]. New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics, 2004, 47(2): 275-279. doi: 10.1080/00288306.2004.9515054
[9] Crutchley G J, Pecher I A, Gorman A R, et al. Seismic imaging of gas conduits beneath seafloor seep sites in a shallow marine gas hydrate province, Hikurangi Margin, New Zealand [J]. Marine Geology, 2010, 272(1-4): 114-126. doi: 10.1016/j.margeo.2009.03.007
[10] Navalpakam R S, Pecher I A, Stern T. Weak and segmented bottom simulating reflections on the Hikurangi Margin, New Zealand—Implications for gas hydrate reservoir rocks [J]. Journal of Petroleum Science & Engineering, 2012, 88-89: 29-40.
[11] Gorman A R, Fletcher P T, Baker D, et al. Characterisation of focused gas hydrate accumulations from the Pegasus Basin, New Zealand, using high-resolution and conventional seismic data [J]. ASEG Extended Abstracts, 2018, 2018(1): 1-4.
[12] Schwalenberg K, Haeckel M, Poort J, et al. Evaluation of gas hydrate deposits in an active seep area using marine controlled source electromagnetics: Results from Opouawe Bank, Hikurangi Margin, New Zealand [J]. Marine Geology, 2010, 272(1-4): 79-88. doi: 10.1016/j.margeo.2009.07.006
[13] Schwalenberg K, Wood W, Pecher I, et al. Preliminary interpretation of electromagnetic, heat flow, seismic, and geochemical data for gas hydrate distribution across the Porangahau Ridge, New Zealand [J]. Marine Geology, 2010, 272(1-4): 89-98. doi: 10.1016/j.margeo.2009.10.024
[14] Schwalenberg K, Rippe D, Koch S, et al. Marine-controlled source electromagnetic study of methane seeps and gas hydrates at Opouawe Bank, Hikurangi Margin, New Zealand [J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 2017, 122(5): 3334-3350. doi: 10.1002/2016JB013702
[15] Faure K, Greinert J, Pecher I A, et al. Methane seepage and its relation to slumping and gas hydrate at the Hikurangi margin, New Zealand [J]. New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics, 2006, 49(4): 503-516. doi: 10.1080/00288306.2006.9515184
[16] Naudts L, Greinert J, Poort J, et al. Active venting sites on the gas-hydrate-bearing Hikurangi Margin, off New Zealand: Diffusive-versus bubble-released methane [J]. Marine Geology, 2010, 272(1-4): 233-250. doi: 10.1016/j.margeo.2009.08.002
[17] Greinert J, Lewis K B, Bialas J, et al. Methane seepage along the Hikurangi Margin, New Zealand: Overview of studies in 2006 and 2007 and new evidence from visual, bathymetric and hydroacoustic investigations [J]. Marine Geology, 2010, 272(1-4): 6-25. doi: 10.1016/j.margeo.2010.01.017
[18] Fraser D R A, Gorman A R, Pecher I A, et al. Gas hydrate accumulations related to focused fluid flow in the Pegasus Basin, southern Hikurangi Margin, New Zealand [J]. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 2016, 77: 399-408. doi: 10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2016.06.025
[19] Crutchley G J, Kroeger K F, Pecher I A, et al. Gas hydrate formation amid submarine canyon incision: Investigations from New Zealand’s Hikurangi subduction margin [J]. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 2017, 18(12): 4299-4316. doi: 10.1002/2017GC007021
[20] Crutchley G J, Kroeger K F, Pecher I A, et al. How tectonic folding influences gas hydrate formation: New Zealand's Hikurangi subduction margin [J]. Geology, 2019, 47(1): 39-42. doi: 10.1130/G45151.1
[21] Gross F, Mountjoy J J, Crutchley G J, et al. Free gas distribution and basal shear zone development in a subaqueous landslide-Insight from 3D seismic imaging of the Tuaheni Landslide Complex, New Zealand [J]. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 2018, 502: 231-243. doi: 10.1016/j.jpgl.2018.09.002
[22] 胡高伟, 李承峰, 业渝光, 等. 沉积物孔隙空间天然气水合物微观分布观测[J]. 地球物理学报, 2014, 57(5):1675-1682 doi: 10.6038/cjg20140530
HU Gaowei, LI Chengfeng, YE Yuguang, et al. Observation of gas hydrate distribution in sediment pore space [J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics, 2014, 57(5): 1675-1682. doi: 10.6038/cjg20140530
[23] Hu G W, Ye Y G, Zhang J, et al. Acoustic response of gas hydrate formation in sediments from South China Sea [J]. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 2014, 52: 1-8. doi: 10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2014.01.007
[24] Bu Q T, Hu G W, Ye Y G, et al. The elastic wave velocity response of methane gas hydrate formation in vertical gas migration systems [J]. Journal of Geophysics and Engineering, 2017, 14(3): 555-569. doi: 10.1088/1742-2140/aa6493
[25] Archie G E. The electrical resistivity log as an aid in determining some reservoir characteristics [J]. Transactions of AIME, 1942, 146(1): 54-62. doi: 10.2118/942054-G
[26] Montaron B. Connectivity theory-a new approach to modeling non-Archie rocks [J]. Petrophysics, 2009, 50(2): 102-115.
[27] Lee M W, Hutchinson D R, Collett T S, et al. Seismic velocities for hydrate-bearing sediments using weighted equation [J]. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, 1996, 101(B9): 20347-20358. doi: 10.1029/96JB01886
[28] Helgerud M B, Dvorkin J, Nur A, et al. Elastic-wave velocity in marine sediments with gas hydrates: Effective medium modeling [J]. Geophysical Research Letters, 1999, 26(13): 2021-2024. doi: 10.1029/1999GL900421
[29] Lee M W. Modified Biot-Gassmann theory for calculating elastic velocities for unconsolidated and consolidated sediments [J]. Marine Geophysical Researches, 2002, 23(5-6): 403-412.
[30] Lee M W, Waite W F. Estimating pore-space gas hydrate saturations from well log acoustic data [J]. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, 2008, 9(7): Q07008.
[31] Lee M W. Models for gas hydrate-bearing sediments inferred from hydraulic permeability and elastic velocities[R]. Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5219. U. S. Geological Survey, 2008.
[32] 王秀娟, 钱进, Lee M. 天然气水合物和游离气饱和度评价方法及其在南海北部的应用[J]. 海洋地质与第四纪地质, 2017, 37(5):35-47
WANG Xiujuan, QIAN Jin, Lee M. Methods for estimation of gas hydrate and free gas saturations and application to the northern slope of South China Sea [J]. Marine Geology and Quaternary Geology, 2017, 37(5): 35-47.
[33] Lee M W, Collett T S. Scale-dependent gas hydrate saturation estimates in sand reservoirs in the Ulleung Basin, East Sea of Korea [J]. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 2013, 47: 195-203. doi: 10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2012.09.004
[34] Wang X J, Lee M, Collett T, et al. Gas hydrate identified in sand-rich inferred sedimentary section using downhole logging and seismic data in Shenhu area, South China Sea [J]. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 2014, 51: 298-306. doi: 10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2014.01.002
[35] Hu G W, Ye Y G, Zhang J, et al. Acoustic properties of gas hydrate-bearing consolidated sediments and experimental testing of elastic velocity models [J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 2010, 115(B2): B02102.
[36] Pecher I A, Barnes P M, LeVay L J, et al. International ocean discovery program expedition 372 preliminary report creeping gas hydrate slides and Hikurangi LWD [J]. Integrated Ocean Drilling Program: Preliminary Reports, 2018, 372: 1-35.
[37] Pecher I A, Barnes P M, LeVay L J, et al. Proceedings of the International Ocean Discovery Program, 372A[Z]. College Station, TX: International Ocean Discovery Program, 2019.
[38] Waite W F, Santamarina J C, Cortes D D, et al. Physical properties of hydrate-bearing sediments [J]. Reviews of Geophysics, 2009, 47(4): RG4003.
[39] Mavko G, Mukerji T, Dvorkin J. The Rock Physics Handbook[M]. 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009.
[40] Lee M W. Proposed moduli of dry rock and their application to predicting elastic velocities of sandstones[R]. U. S. Geological Survey, 2005.
[41] Mindlin R D. Compliance of elastic bodies in contact [J]. Journal of Applied Mechanics, 1949, 16(3): 259-268.
[42] Han D H, Nur A, Morgan D. Effects of porosity and clay content on wave velocities in sandstones [J]. Geophysics, 1986, 51(11): 2093-2107. doi: 10.1190/1.1442062
[43] Tiab D, Donaldson E C. Petrophysics: Theory and Practice of Measuring Reservoir Rock and Fluid Transport Properties[M]. 3rd ed. Houston: Gulf Professional Publishing, 2012.
-
下载:
图(12)
表(1)
计量
- 文章访问数: 7379
- PDF下载数: 62
- 施引文献: 0