Characteristics of source rocks and reservoirs of the Funing Formation in the Subei Basin and their bearing on future shale oil exploration
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摘要:
对苏北盆地重点凹陷的70口钻井采集395件样品进行实验分析,并结合前人资料详细研究了苏北盆地古近系古新统阜宁组阜二段、阜四段两套烃源岩地化特征、岩矿特征、储集空间类型及储集性能，在重点油井解剖的基础上，探讨了页岩油的富集机理。苏北盆地阜宁组有机碳普遍大于 1.0%，有机质类型较好，整体处于低熟-成熟阶段，具备良好的生油基础；微裂缝、孔隙较发育，具有一定的储集条件，阜二段泥页岩整体黏土矿物含量低于35%，脆性矿物含量大于50%，有利于页岩油的开采。通过对重点凹陷典型页岩油藏的两口井的数据解剖，认为页岩油藏受高有机质丰度的成熟泥页岩、脆性矿物含量、裂缝发育程度、异常高压等因素控制。苏北盆地的金湖凹陷、高邮凹陷、海安凹陷和盐城凹陷的深凹带是泥页岩油气勘探和开发的有利区带。
Abstract:395 samples collected from 70 wells in the major depressions of the Subei Basin are analyzed in this paper. Combined with the previous data analyzed, we systematically studied the geochemical and lithological characteristics, accumulation space types and their distribution patterns as well as reservoir physical properties in addition to the hydrocarbon source rock of the F2 and the F4 Member of the Paleogene Funing Formation in the Basin. Based on the case studies for typical wells and oil shows, the occurrence and accumulation mechanisms of shale oil is deeply discussed. The results reveal that the average organic carbon content of the two members is over 1.0%, dominated by the type I-II in a matured stage, that found the basis for the formation of shale oil. Many kinds of micropores and micro cracks are well developed. Clay content of the Member F2 is usually lower than 35% and the content of brittle minerals is over 50%, which is in favor of shale oil mining. The study of the two well cases in the typical shale reservoir reveals that the formation of shale oil reservoir mainly depends on the existence of mature shale with high abundance of organic matter and brittle minerals, well developed fractures and abnormal high pressure. The major depressional centers of the Jinhu Sag, Gaoyou Sag, Haian Sag and Yancheng Sag in the North Jiangsu Basin are favorable zones for shale gas exploration and mining.
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表 1 苏北盆地探区阜宁组阜二段富有机质泥页岩丰度统计
Table 1. Statistical table of organic matter abundance for source rocks of the F2 Member of Funing Formation in the Subei Basin
探区 TOC（%）/样品数 氯仿沥青“A”（%）/样品数 HI（%）/样品数 S1+S2（mg/g）/样品数 高邮凹陷 1.583/38 0.034/5 362.301/38 6.823/38 金湖凹陷 1.724/42 0.208/5 328.432/42 7.854/42 海安凹陷 2.094/45 0.099/8 439.815/45 13.123/45 盐城凹陷 2.833/38 0.159/14 481.000/38 15.630/38 溱潼凹陷 1.691/19 − 393.762/19 7.351/19 泰州凸起 1.154/2 − 290.000/2 3.000/2 平均值 2.011/184 0.132/32 400.511/184 10.241/184 
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表 2 苏北盆地探区阜宁组阜四段富有机质泥页岩丰度统计
Table 2. Statistical table of organic matter abundance for source rocks of the F4 Member of Funing Formation in the Subei Basin
探区 TOC（%）/样品数 氯仿沥青“仿沥（%）/样品数 HI（%）/样品数 S1+S2（mg/g）/样品数 高邮凹陷 1.102/39 − 246.032/33 4.080/33 金湖凹陷 1.281/29 0.025/3 257.670/18 3.963/18 海安凹陷 0.572/1 − 144.000/1 0.834/1 盐城凹陷 1.163/17 − 348.000/2 7.891/2 溱潼凹陷 1.663/20 − 237.811/20 6.892/20 平均值 1.263/106 0.025/4 248.012/74 4.871/74
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表 3 苏北盆地各凹陷泥页岩有机质类型百分含量统计表（%）
Table 3. Statistical table of percentage content of organic matter types in each depression of the Subei Basin
层位 分析项目 金湖凹陷 高邮凹陷 海安凹陷 盐城凹陷 溱潼凹陷 I Ⅱ1 Ⅱ2 Ⅲ I Ⅱ1 Ⅱ2 Ⅲ I Ⅱ1 Ⅱ2 Ⅲ I Ⅱ1 Ⅱ2 Ⅲ I Ⅱ1 Ⅱ2 Ⅲ 阜二段 热解 28 34 23 15 21 31 33 15 24 53 21 2 76 8 10 6 35 30 24 11 阜四段 热解 50 17 33 7 44 29 20 6 37 32 25 4 35 39 22 8 27 41 24
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表 4 苏北盆地重点凹陷阜二段、阜四段全岩矿物组分
Table 4. The whole rock mineral components of the F2 and F4 Members of Funing Formation in the key depressions of Subei Basin
层段 重点凹陷 石英 钾长石 斜长石 方解石 白云石 铁白云石 菱铁矿 黄铁矿 石膏 方沸石 黏土矿物 脆性矿物 高邮凹陷 20.510 1.803 7.050 11.100 13.110 20.930 1.302 2.908 2.400 7.612 32.210 50.810 金湖凹陷 20.301 5.323 7.621 12.604 8.513 14.109 1.032 4.101 1.621 12.701 29.616 49.088 阜二段 海安凹陷 21.205 1.514 5.080 11.203 17.609 11.314 0.819 1.795 0.91 9.910 30.712 56.013 盐城凹陷 22.704 2.523 2.426 13.205 3.011 18.412 1.101 3.492 2.198 15.681 30.201 45.337 溱潼凹陷 32.812 1.332 9.014 6.510 15.01 1.014 3.221 2.110 9.01 28.29 64.212 高邮凹陷 30.193 1.702 7.813 12.301 2.615 4.217 0.798 2.113 1.701 38.706 52.811 金湖凹陷 25.602 2.821 5.518 8.209 5.218 19.301 1.513 2.831 1.007 41.212 43.091 阜四段 海安凹陷 22.098 1.078 4.095 11.044 2.048 5.011 2.052 53.033 40.045 盐城凹陷 20.032 1.516 12.034 7.015 2.033 1.017 4.032 2.514 49.026 40.547 溱潼凹陷 18.032 2.818 6.312 8.065 7.6 1.020 3.302 44.207 41.811
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表 5 苏北盆地重点凹陷阜二、阜四段泥页岩孔隙度和渗透率统计表
Table 5. Statistical table of shale porosity and permeability in the 2nd and 4th Members of Funing Formation of the key sags in the Subei Basin
层段 重点凹陷 孔隙度范围/% 孔隙度平均值/% 渗透率范围/10−3 μm2 渗透率平均值/10−3 μm2 高邮凹陷 1.613～32.834 13.225 25.233 25.233 金湖凹陷 3.761～17.912 8.561 0.094 0.094 阜二段 海安凹陷 1.441～12.862 7.132 0.008 0.008 盐城凹陷 2～27.771 11.962 溱潼凹陷 1.774～19.915 9.650 0.004～0.115 0.005 高邮凹陷 4.293～27.371 17.400 金湖凹陷 11.530 11.530 阜四段 海安凹陷 盐城凹陷 16.171～20.311 17.712 溱潼凹陷 12.641～26.264 19.445 0.023 0.023
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表 6 许X38井、盐城1井试油层地质特征统计
Table 6. Statistical table of geological characteristics of Xu X38 well and Yancheng 1 well
井号 页岩层 岩石相 TOC/% Ro/% 脆性矿物/% 黏土/% 孔隙度/% 页岩油密度/（g/cm3） 页岩油粘度/mPa·s 压力系数 盐城1井 E1f2 块状灰质泥岩 2.162 0.771 47.12 37 5.321 0.887 2170 1.600 E1f2 纹层状钙质页岩 1.884 40.431 57.401 3.711 许X38井 E1f2 块状灰质泥岩 2.951 0.922 70.101 27.542 4.131 0.858 10.544 1.233 E1f2 纹层状钙质页岩 1.532 65.21 26.040 10.852
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