Characteristics of rare earth elements in deep-water sediments in Mariana “Trench-Basin” system and their provenance constraints
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摘要:
通过对西太平洋帕里西维拉海盆东南部的C-P19柱状样和马里亚纳海沟南坡的L3柱状样进行粒度和稀土元素地球化学分析，探讨了二者物源的异同。结果表明：研究区沉积物的稀土元素含量基本不受沉积物粒度控制，主要受控于物源变化。物源判别结果指示二者的物源具有同源性，其中西马里亚纳海脊剥蚀下来的火山物质对研究区的物质来源贡献最大。火山物质中的重矿物可以影响到稀土元素的含量，例如锆石的含量和稀土元素总量（∑REY）的相关系数可达0.86。来自中国内陆黄土的陆源风尘物质对两个研究区的物源供给也有一定贡献，但其贡献程度较小。由于马里亚纳海沟南坡更加远离大陆且纬度更低，其接受的亚洲风尘也比帕里西维拉海盆和挑战者深渊更少。此外，南极底层水流经研究区，对海盆和海沟的沉积物都造成一定影响，而且在马里亚纳海沟南坡更加活跃，因而帕里西维拉海盆东南部的沉积物比马里亚纳海沟南坡更易于保存。
Abstract:Based on the grain size and rare earth elements (REE) geochemical data of the core C-P19 from the southeastern Parece Vela Basin and the core L3 from the south slope of the Mariana Trench in the western Pacific Ocean, we summarized and discussed in this paper both the similarities and differences in provenances between the sediments in the two places. Our study suggests that no obvious correlation between REE content and grain size of the sediments is observed in the study area, and the composition and distribution patterns of the rare earth elements are mainly constrained by provenance. The provenance discrimination results reveal that the sediments in the Parece Vela Basin and on the south slope of the Mariana Trench are homologous, and contributed mainly by the volcanic materials eroded from the western Mariana Ridge. Heavy minerals in volcanic materials may affect the content of rare earth elements. For example, the correlation coefficient between the content of zircon and the ∑REY is as high as 0.86. The terrigenous eolian dusts of loess from Chinese inland also contribute some to the sediment of the study area, but is not substantially. Since the south slope of the Mariana Trench is far away from the mainland and located in lower latitude, it receives little Asian dust comparing to the Parece Vela Basin and Challenger Deep. In addition, the Antarctic Bottom Water passing through the study area has certain impact on the sediments of the basin and trench, and is more active in the south slope of Mariana Trench. Therefore, the sediment deposited in the southeastern Parece Vela Basin is relatively easier to be preserved than that on the south slope of Mariana Trench.
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表 1 L3和C-P19柱状样的粒度参数
Table 1. Grain size parameters of the cores L3 and C-P19
样品 深度 平均粒径/μm 分选系数 偏度 峰态 砂/% 粉砂/% 黏土/% L3柱状样 表层（0 cm） 14.68 2.40 −1.34 3.00 22.23 55.88 21.89 上层（45～50 cm） 12.11 1.49 1.01 2.01 5.21 82.68 12.11 中层（102～106 cm） 14.19 1.49 0.69 1.99 8.62 82.27 9.12 下层（163～167 cm） 12.53 1.50 −0.54 2.03 6.78 82.20 11.01 平均值 13.38 1.72 −0.05 2.26 10.71 75.76 13.53 C-P19柱状样 最小值 5.32 1.11 −0.46 0.74 0 40.66 4.95 最大值 86.76 2.89 0.14 1.39 53.05 87.88 37.34 平均值 19.97 1.62 −0.29 1.11 14.88 73.06 12.06 
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表 2 C-P19和L3柱状样沉积物中主要重矿物类型及所占比例（%）
Table 2. Types of heavy minerals and their proportions in the sediments of core L3 and C-P19（%）
矿物类型 C-P19柱状样 L3柱状样 上 中 下 表 上 中 下 磁铁矿 20 44.33 16.67 4.02 3.44 4.46 钛铁矿 3.64 11.34 8.89 2.89 2.87 2.19 17.83 赤、褐铁矿 4.12 5.20 19.54 17.81 21.66 锆石 20 2.06 4.44 0.87 0.57 1.25 0.96 榍石 0.32 磷灰石 0.31 金红石 0.58 0.96 电气石 1.82 1.03 1.45 1.15 石榴石 0.58 0.57 斜方辉石 10.91 3.09 27.78 4.05 8.05 4.69 0.96 单斜辉石 16.18 26.72 12.19 2.23 普通角闪石 9.09 6.19 6.67 5.20 4.60 1.25 1.59 阳起透闪石 1.45 0.57 0.32 绿帘石 9.09 14.43 14.44 5.49 6.32 4.06 1.59 （斜）黝帘石 0.29 黑云母 1.11 白云母 1.82 2.06 0.58 1.25 自生黄铁矿 2.19 0.32 碳酸盐 3.76 2.87 0.96 水云母 1.25 岩屑 23.64 11.34 20 51.73 21.84 47.81 45.86 重晶石 0.31
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表 3 C-P19和L3柱状样沉积物稀土元素含量（μg/g）及特征参数
Table 3. REE contents（μg/g）and characteristic parameters of the core C-P19 and L3
深度/cm La Ce Pr Nd Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu Y ∑REY ∑LREE/
∑HREEδEu δCe (La/sm)N (La/Yb)N (Sm/Yb)N C-P19 4 22.86 32.84 5.90 25.04 5.69 1.47 5.59 0.94 6.13 1.18 3.02 0.47 2.72 0.43 32.87 147.15 6.21 1.14 0.62 0.72 0.81 1.14 12 25.61 37.75 6.57 27.88 6.28 1.60 6.24 1.04 6.94 1.29 3.38 0.53 3.00 0.49 37.38 165.98 6.27 1.13 0.63 0.73 0.83 1.14 22 28.76 41.18 7.43 31.45 7.02 1.84 7.22 1.19 7.94 1.49 3.81 0.59 3.46 0.54 40.87 184.79 6.10 1.14 0.61 0.73 0.81 1.10 32 44.03 64.69 11.61 49.07 11.33 2.91 11.23 1.86 12.38 2.31 6.07 0.94 5.43 0.85 61.28 285.99 6.05 1.13 0.62 0.69 0.79 1.14 42 45.33 64.25 11.99 50.24 11.78 3.04 11.58 1.93 12.67 2.33 6.14 0.96 5.57 0.85 63.8 292.46 6.02 1.14 0.60 0.69 0.79 1.15 52 33.86 50.91 8.75 36.47 8.20 2.08 8.02 1.34 8.72 1.61 4.22 0.64 3.77 0.58 43.38 212.55 6.65 1.12 0.64 0.74 0.87 1.18 62 35.12 53.33 9.09 37.96 8.51 2.19 8.34 1.38 9.07 1.67 4.35 0.68 3.93 0.60 45.98 222.20 6.68 1.14 0.65 0.74 0.87 1.18 82 50.68 69.61 13.04 55.60 12.81 3.31 12.91 2.11 14.12 2.64 6.89 1.05 6.27 0.98 70.08 322.10 5.91 1.13 0.59 0.70 0.78 1.11 104 44.79 63.97 11.63 48.57 11.10 2.82 11.01 1.83 12.08 2.22 5.76 0.89 5.23 0.80 59 281.70 6.26 1.12 0.61 0.72 0.83 1.15 124 52.67 72.03 13.55 57.26 13.06 3.29 13.18 2.22 14.62 2.77 7.31 1.12 6.62 1.02 72.87 333.59 5.84 1.10 0.59 0.72 0.77 1.07 144 49.86 71.61 12.34 51.72 11.90 3.00 11.89 1.95 13.19 2.44 6.55 1.02 5.96 0.93 67.96 312.32 6.16 1.11 0.63 0.75 0.81 1.09 164 55.18 73.29 13.51 57.72 13.03 3.30 13.27 2.18 14.76 2.74 7.31 1.11 6.70 1.02 75.27 340.39 5.93 1.10 0.58 0.75 0.80 1.06 184 54.92 74.60 13.37 56.69 12.88 3.27 12.97 2.15 14.80 2.81 7.55 1.16 6.92 1.06 77.14 342.29 5.82 1.11 0.60 0.76 0.77 1.01 206 52.24 74.37 13.03 54.29 12.32 3.16 12.29 2.05 13.39 2.58 6.83 1.06 6.32 0.96 68.52 323.41 6.23 1.13 0.62 0.76 0.80 1.06 226 37.47 53.26 9.23 38.45 8.65 2.14 8.47 1.37 9.13 1.66 4.47 0.68 4.07 0.60 45.82 225.47 6.72 1.10 0.62 0.77 0.89 1.16 244 51.09 76.51 12.51 52.41 11.88 3.07 11.66 1.93 12.72 2.34 6.34 0.98 5.79 0.87 62.42 312.52 6.63 1.14 0.66 0.77 0.85 1.12 264 52.80 79.24 13.12 54.65 12.51 3.12 12.34 2.04 13.37 2.41 6.45 1.00 5.97 0.91 65.95 325.88 6.64 1.10 0.66 0.75 0.86 1.14 284 51.23 77.78 12.63 52.28 11.85 3.04 11.54 1.92 12.78 2.36 6.38 0.99 5.96 0.90 63.5 315.14 6.60 1.14 0.67 0.77 0.83 1.08 304 49.64 79.23 12.23 50.96 11.43 2.83 11.01 1.81 11.91 2.17 5.65 0.90 5.33 0.81 58.46 304.37 7.17 1.11 0.70 0.77 0.90 1.16 324 51.59 84.12 12.47 51.20 11.22 2.85 10.77 1.76 11.49 2.11 5.67 0.87 5.21 0.78 57.32 309.43 7.63 1.14 0.72 0.82 0.96 1.17 334 51.26 79.98 12.37 50.30 11.07 2.80 10.44 1.71 11.34 2.04 5.49 0.83 5.04 0.76 56.95 302.38 7.61 1.14 0.69 0.83 0.99 1.19 344 51.74 77.81 12.27 50.40 11.00 2.90 10.61 1.72 11.49 2.10 5.66 0.86 5.18 0.79 59.11 303.64 7.37 1.18 0.67 0.84 0.97 1.15 354 51.28 77.86 12.29 50.87 11.15 2.91 10.71 1.75 11.58 2.14 5.57 0.87 5.30 0.79 57.03 302.10 7.32 1.17 0.68 0.82 0.94 1.14 364 49.19 72.76 11.90 49.18 10.83 2.82 10.47 1.72 11.37 2.02 5.46 0.84 5.08 0.76 59.72 294.12 7.17 1.16 0.66 0.81 0.94 1.16 374 48.58 73.91 11.82 49.77 10.95 2.84 10.70 1.75 11.53 2.18 5.73 0.90 5.40 0.81 57.45 294.32 6.93 1.15 0.67 0.79 0.87 1.10 L3 0 69.1 62.9 19.0 82.9 19.7 5.00 20.6 3.38 18.9 4.27 11.1 1.66 10.1 1.55 121.56 451.61 4.92 1.09 0.38 0.63 0.66 1.06 50 49.2 61.1 13.3 56.3 13.2 3.54 13.6 2.22 12.4 2.71 7.05 1.05 6.41 0.99 74.58 317.52 5.88 1.16 0.52 0.67 0.74 1.12 106 44.1 51.4 11.9 51.6 12.2 3.15 12.6 2.06 11.4 2.53 6.72 1.01 6.07 0.94 68.17 285.85 5.55 1.12 0.49 0.65 0.70 1.09 167 41.7 55.5 11.0 47.1 11.1 2.87 11.2 1.83 9.99 2.19 5.77 0.873 5.14 0.80 59.51 266.67 6.27 1.13 0.56 0.67 0.79 1.17
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表 4 帕里西维拉海盆和马里亚纳海沟物源判别函数值（DF）
Table 4. DF value of provenance discrimination function in the Parece Vela Basin and the Mariana Trench
样品类型 火山源 陆源 九州-帕劳海脊
凝灰岩马里亚纳海槽
玄武岩西马里亚纳海脊
凝灰岩帕里西维拉海盆
凝灰岩中国黄土 C-P19柱状样 0.09 0.11 0.03 0.12 0.37 L3柱状样 0.08 0.12 0.02 0.14 0.44 JL7KGC01A柱状样 0.10 0.09 0.04 0.11 0.38 CD-1柱状样 0.10 0.10 0.04 0.11 0.43 GC3柱状样 0.04 0.19 0.05 0.21 0.39 GC4柱状样 0.04 0.18 0.04 0.19 0.38 GC5柱状样 0.03 0.19 0.05 0.20 0.39 BC11柱状样 0.07 0.15 0.04 0.17 0.39 马里亚纳海沟挑战者深渊上方
水体中的沉降颗粒物0.09 0.12 0.05 0.13 0.35 东菲律宾海深海黏土 0.07 0.02 0.12 0.33 注：计算所用Lu/Yb和Sm/Nd数据分别来自于：九州−帕劳海脊、西马里亚纳海脊和帕里西维拉海盆凝灰岩数据源于文献[52]；马里亚纳海槽玄武岩数据源于文献[53]；中国黄土数据源于文献[54]。JL7KGC01A柱状样的DF值据文献[22]计算；CD-1柱状样的DF值据文献[28]计算；GC3、GC4、GC5和BC11柱状样的DF值据文献[39]计算；挑战者深渊下沉颗粒的DF值引自文献[17]；东菲律宾海深海黏土DF值引自文献[19]。
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