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摘要:
太古宙时期岩石圈的主要散热方式是岩浆活动，岩浆活动既为岩石圈提供了新的物质，也为岩石圈变形提供了动力条件。目前已发现残留的太古宙构造变形记录显示，那时"大陆"内部广泛发育与垂向运动过程有关的穹脊构造。但对于这种垂向构造是如何与太古宙岩浆活动联系起来的，目前还不清楚。为了研究岩浆的动力作用与穹脊构造间的关系，基于有限差分数值模拟方法设置了大小为879 km×400 km的二维数值模型，通过设置多岩浆通道条件模拟太古宙岩浆的侵入过程。实验结果显示出岩浆活动弱化了岩石圈并造成岩石圈的强烈变形。其中，岩浆通道的正上方呈现出正地形，并形成TTG穹窿。密集排布的岩浆通道之间呈现负地形，形成绿岩带坳陷。穹窿在演化过程中发生水平扩张，导致绿岩带不断收窄形成“钱袋子”构造样式，二者共同组成穹脊构造。本研究认为将岩浆活动作为调节岩石圈变形的条件符合太古宙地质背景。岩浆通道条件能为穹脊构造的产生提供驱动力，是造成太古宙岩石圈变形的重要因素。
Abstract:Magmatism is the main method for lithospheric cooling in Archean. It not only produces new materials, but also provides power for lithospheric deformation. The records of Archean deformation remained up to present suggest that the dome-and keel-structure related to the vertical movement are widely developed in the interiors of continental cratons at that time. However, it is not clear how the vertical structures work with the Archean magmatic activity. In order to make the study more intuitively, we made a two-dimensional numerical model in size of 879 × 400 km2 based on the finite difference numerical simulation method and then tried to work out the intrusion process by setting magma conditions. The experimental results show that the magma vent array weakens the lithosphere and causes strong deformation of the lithosphere. The TTG domes are formed on the top of the magma vents. There is a negative topography between the magma channels. There is a negative topography, a depression, between the dense magma vents. During the evolution of the dome, it will expand horizontally resulting in the narrowing of the greenstone belt and the appearance of " bag" style. They constitute the dome-and keel-structure. In our study, considering magmatism as a condition of lithosphere deformation is consistent with the facts from the Archean geological background. The magma vent array, as an important factor for lithosphere deformation, provides driving force for the formation of the dome-and-keel structure.
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Key words:
- magma vent /
- Archean /
- dome-and-keel structure /
- numerical modeling
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表 1 材料参数设置（据Ranalli and Donald[49]）
Table 1. Material properties setting
物质 状态 ρ0/
kg·m−3Cp/
J·kg−1·K−1K a/
W·m−1·K−1Tsolidusb/K Tliquidusb/K Hr/
μ·W·m−3α/
K−1β/
MPa粘滞性流变
参数c塑性性质
sin（φeff）空气 － 1 100 20 － － 0 0 0 A* 0 水 － 1000 3330 20 － － 0 0 0 A* 0 沉积物 固态
熔融2700
25001000 K1 TS1 TL1 2 3 × 10−5 1 × 10−5 B*
G*0.15
0.06上陆壳 固态
熔融2700
25001000 K1 TS1 TL1 2 3 × 10−5 1 × 10−5 B*
G*0.15
0.06下陆壳 固态
熔融3000
25001000 K2 TS2 TL2 0.5 3 × 10−5 1 × 10−5 C*
G*0.15
0.06绿岩带 固态
熔融3300
29001000 K2 TS2 TL2 0.25 3 × 10−5 1 × 10−5 D*
H*0.15
0.06地幔 固态
熔融3300
27001000 K3 － － 0.022 3×10−5 1×10−5 E* 0.6
0.06a. K1 = [0.64+807/(TK + 77)]exp(0.00004P); K2 = [1.18+474/(TK + 77)]exp(0.00004P); K3 = [0.73+1293/(TK+77)]exp(0.00004P)
b. P ＜ 1200 MPa, TS1=889+17900/(P + 54)+20200/(P + 54)2; P ＞1200 MPa, TS1=831+0.06P, TL1=1262+0.09P
P ＜ 1600 MPa, TS2=973–70400/(P + 354)+778×105/(P + 354)2; P ＞1600 MPa, TS2=935+0.0035P+0.0000062P2, TL2=1423+0.105P
c. 类型A-H的具体参数详见表2。
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表 2 流变学参数设置（据Ranalli and Donald[49]）
Table 2. Rheological parameter setting
类别 流变性质 E/KJ·mol−1 V/J·MPa−1·mol−1 n AD/MPa−n·s−1 η0a/Pa·s A* 空气/水 0 0 1.0 1.0×10−12 1×1018 B* 湿石英 154 0 2.3 3.2×10−6 1.97×1019 C* An75 238 0 3.2 3.3×10−6 4.80×1024 D* An75 238 0 3.2 3.3×10−4 4.80×1022 E* 无水橄榄岩 532 8 3.5 2.5×104 3.98×1016 F*b 湿橄榄岩 470 8 4.0 2.0×103 5.01×1020 G*b 长英质熔体 0 0 1.0 2.0×10−9 5.00×1014 H 铁镁质熔体 0 0 1.0 1.0×10−7 1.00×1013 a η0表示为有效粘滞系数, 计算公式为：η0 = （1/AD）×106n；
b 熔融的长英质熔体 ，F* 表示熔融的沉积物和地壳。
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