Differential control of structures over reservoirs and its significance in Qiongdongnan Basin
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摘要:
运用构造解析方法，通过精细地震资料解释和断层活动性分析，对琼东南盆地东西分块差异构造演化特征及其构造控藏差异进行了深入研究。根据区域构造差异，首次厘定了松南凹陷与宝岛凹陷边界，并分析认为该边界为琼东南盆地东西区分块差异构造演化边界。以此为界，盆地西区以北东构造走向为主，以发育大型简单铲式断层控制的大型地堑、半地堑凹陷为特征；盆地东区以近东西构造走向为主，以发育Y字型断层、铲状及板状阶梯断层控制的大型地堑、复式地堑为特征。综合分析认为，琼东南盆地东西分块差异构造演化的主控因素主要有三点：限制性边界条件、地壳结构与热流差异、差异构造地质因素。限制性边界条件差异与区域构造应力场转换是控制盆地东西分块断裂时空差异的主控因素，而地壳结构与热流差异和差异构造地质因素最终加剧了盆地东西区差异演化。在此基础上，开展了琼东南盆地深水区构造差异控藏综合研究，主要包括烃源岩、沉积体系及成藏区带差异研究，认为深水西区凹陷半地堑结构窄深，以发育海陆过渡相及陆源海相烃源岩类型为主，烃源岩埋深大，热演化程度高，生排烃时间晚，成藏层系以新近系重力流沉积为主，受半地堑凹陷结构控制主要发育3个成藏区带：陡坡带沟源断层垂向运移成藏区带、中央带高压底辟裂隙垂向运移成藏区带和缓坡带侧向运移成藏区带，以前两种成藏区带最优。深水东区（复式）地堑结构宽浅，以发育陆源海相烃源岩类型为主，烃源岩埋深浅，热演化程度中等，生排烃时间早，成藏层系以前古近系潜山及古近系三角洲海陆过渡相沉积为主，受地堑结构控制对称发育4个成藏区带：南北部凸起区断-砂-脊复合疏导格架侧向运移成藏区带和两侧近凹断阶带断层垂向运移成藏区带，这4四个区带成藏条件有利，均有油气发现，应为下步勘探重点领域。
Abstract:Using the method of structural analysis, the differential structural evolution characteristics and their control on difference in reservoirs between the east and west blocks in the deep-water areas of the Qiongdongnan Basin are studied in depth through fine interpretation of seismic data and analysis of fault activities. The boundary between Songnan sag and Baodao sag is delineated by detailed structural analysis, and the structural transitional zone is considered as the boundary of differential tectonic evolution between the east and west blocks of the Qiongdongnan Basin. Taking this as the boundary, the western basin is NE trended and characterized by the development of large grabens and half graben depressions controlled by large simple listric faults; the eastern basin, however, is EW in trend and characterized by the development of large grabens and composite grabens jointly controlled by Y-shaped faults, stepped spade and plate-shaped faults. Analysis shows that there are three controlling factors for the differential tectonic evolution of the east and west blocks of the Qiongdongnan Basin, i.e the restrictive boundary conditions, differences in crustal structure and heat flow, and differential structural geological influence factors. The differences in restrictive boundary conditions and the change in regional tectonic stress field are the main factors controlling the temporal and spatial differences of faults in the basin, while the last two factors eventually aggravate the differential evolution of the eastern and western regions of the basin. On this basis, a comprehensive study on the differences in petroleum systems in the deep-water area of the Qiongdongnan basin is carried out, which includes the differences in source rocks, sedimentary systems and petroleum accumulation systems. It is considered that the western deep-water area is dominated by the source rocks of transitional facies and terrigenous marine facies under large burial depth, high thermal evolution degree, and late hydrocarbon generation and expulsion time, controlled by the structure of half graben depression structure. Three accumulation systems are well developed: vertical migration-accumulation system through depression controlling fault in steep slope zone, vertical migration-accumulation system through high pressure diapirs-fractures in the central zone and lateral migration-accumulation system in the gentle slope zone. Borehole drillings have confirmed that the former two systems are the best. In contrast, the eastern deep-water area is dominated by marine source rocks under shallow burial depth, moderate thermal evolution, early generation and expulsion of hydrocarbon. Controlled by the graben structure, four zones of hydrocarbon accumulation systems are developed symmetrically: the lateral migration-accumulation systems through faults and sand ridge migrating framework in uplift zones and vertical migration-accumulation systems on both sides of the stepped faults in near depression zones. The accumulation conditions of the two areas are favorable for hydrocarbon accumulation and should be the next target for exploration.
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