巽他陆架末次冰期植被之谜

郁金勇; 李丽; 贺娟; 贾国东

doi:10.16562/j.cnki.0256-1492.2020103101

巽他陆架末次冰期植被之谜

同济大学海洋与地球科学学院，海洋地质国家重点实验室，上海 200092

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划“国际大洋钻探南海航次后科学研究”（2018YFE0202402）；国家自然科学基金“南海沉积物中支链四醚膜脂的组成和碳同位素特征及其对古气候研究的启示”（41673042），“晚渐新世—中中新世东亚低纬区降水演化历史及其全球影响”（41876042），“长江口外藻类生物标志化合物氢同位素与海洋盐度关系的研究”（41776049）；上海市科委国际合作项目“国际大洋钻探计划合作研究”（20590780200）

详细信息

作者简介: 郁金勇（1997—），男，硕士研究生，主要从事海洋生物地球化学和古气候研究，E-mail：1931656@tongji.edu.cn

通讯作者: 李丽（1974—），女，教授，主要从事海洋生物地球化学和古气候研究，E-mail：lilitju@tongji.edu.cn

中图分类号: P736.2

收稿日期: 2020-10-31

修回日期: 2021-01-07

刊出日期: 2021-08-28

The mystery of the Sunda shelf vegetation during the last glacial period

State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology, School of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China

More Information

Corresponding author: LI Li, lilitju@tongji.edu.cn

Received Date: 31 October 2020

Revised Date: 07 January 2021

Publish Date: 28 August 2021

摘要

摘要:
末次冰期低海平面时期出露的巽他陆架植被变化对全球碳循环影响有着重要影响，但目前植被重建结果仍存在很大争议。利用巽他陆架区域现有末次冰期的碳同位素和植物孢粉记录进行了古植被重建。与全新世相比，末次冰期时热带雨林的分布范围向赤道方向收缩，呈现不均匀的带状分布，而远离赤道的区域草本植物扩张。赤道辐合带的向南移动和热带太平洋的类El Niño状态导致的巽他陆架区域整体降水减少是造成这种现象的重要原因。山地在冰期植被垂直分布结构的演化中起着重要作用。在湿而冷的区域，山地雨林向下扩展；而在干而冷的区域，山地扮演着雨林避难所的角色。巽他陆架古植被重建工作仍面临着隐域性植被、植被指标局限性等难点。
- 古植被 /
- 碳同位素 /
- 孢粉记录 /
- 巽他陆架 /
- 末次冰期
Abstract:
Changes in the vegetation of the Sunda shelf exposed during the last ice period at low sea level have important implications for global carbon cycle impacts. However, the results of current vegetation reconstructions are still highly controversial. A paleo-vegetation reconstruction was conducted using the available carbon isotope and pollen records of the last ice age in the Sunda shelf region. Compared to the Holocene, the distribution range of tropical rainforests contracted toward the equator during the last glacial period, showing an uneven zonal distribution pattern, while the herbaceous vegetation expanded in the regions far from the equator. The southward shift of the Intertropical Convergence Zone and the overall decrease of precipitation in the Sunda shelf region due to the El Niño-like state of the tropical Pacific Ocean are important reasons for this phenomenon. Mountains play an essential role in the evolution of the vertical distribution structure of vegetation during the ice age. In the wet and cold regions, montane rainforests expanded downward, while in the dry and cold regions, mountains played the role of rainforest refuges. The reconstruction of ancient vegetation on the Sunda shelf still faces difficulties such as cryptic vegetation and limitations of vegetation indicators, and more work is needed to improve it.
- palaeo-vegetation /
- carbon isotope /
- pollen records /
- Sunda shelf /
- last glacial period

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图 1 巽他陆架“稀树草原廊道”假说（左）及现代植被分布（右）

Figure 1.

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图 2 巽他陆架及其周边地区已发表碳同位素记录汇总

Figure 2.

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图 3 巽他陆架及其周边地区已发表孢粉记录汇总

Figure 3.

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图 4 末次冰期巽他陆架植被分布

Figure 4.

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表 1 巽他陆架及周边地区末次冰期碳同位素变化记录

Table 1. Carbon isotope records in the Sunda shelf and surrounding areas during the last glacial period

	站位	经纬度	水深/m	碳同位素值范围/‰	参考文献
湖泊/海洋记录	BJ8-03-91GGC	2°52′N，118°23′E	2326	–30.8～–32.9	[11]
	SO189-144KL	1°5′N，98°1′E	481	–28.8～–31.9	[37]
	17962	7°11′N，112°5′E	1968	–28.4～–33.9	[38]
	18252-3	9°14'N，109°23'E	1273	–27.3～–34.5	[39]
	MD05-2894	7°2'N，111°33'E	1982	–29.1～–36.6	[40]
	IDLE-MAT10-2B	2°31′S，121°24′E	137	–32.8～–44.9	[41]
	GEOB10053-7	8°41′S，112°52′E	1375	–24.2～–31.5	[44]
	GEOB10069-3	9°36′S，120°55′E	1250	–24.6～–28.9	[11]
	IDLE-TOW10-9B	2°30′S，121°30′E	154	–25.0～–41.0	[42]
	SO18515	3°37'S，119°21'E	688	–25.0～–29.6	[16]
陆地记录	Niah洞穴	3°49′N，113°46′E		–22.9～–26.2	[9]
	Gomantong洞穴	5°32'N，118°5'E		–26.1～–27.7	[33]
	Bau Bau洞穴	0°55'S，117°13'E		–23.5～–27.8	[33]
	Batu洞穴	3°13′N，101°42′E		–26.2～–22.6	[9]
	Makangit洞穴	10°28′N，119°27′E		–19.5～–30.3	[9]
	Gangub洞穴	8°31′N，117°33′E		–18.0～–26.3	[9]
	Saleh洞穴	3°1'S，115°59'E		–17.2～–27.3	[14]

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表 2 巽他陆架及周边地区末次冰期孢粉记录

Table 2. Pollen records in the Sunda shelf and surrounding areas during the last glacial period

	站位	经纬度	水深/m	草本植物比例/%	参考文献
湖泊/海洋记录	17962	7°11′N，112°5′E	1968	10～30	[49]
	17964	1°5′N，98°1′E	1556	5～20	[50]
	18287	5°39′N，110°39′E	598	10～40	[51]
	18300	4°21′N，108°39′E	91	5～75	[48]
	18302	4°09'N，108°34'E	83	5～40	[48]
	18323	2°47'N，107°53'E	92	4～55	[48]
	CG-2	6°23′N，110°09′E	1239	1～35	[19]
	NS07-25	6°40′N，113°33′E	2006	0～20	[52]
	CB-19	7°46′N，114°40′E	1798	0～20	[53]
	MD06-3075	6°28′N，125°49′E	1878	1～18	[61]
	G6-4	10°47′S，118°04′E	3510	20～60	[67]
	SHI-9014	5°46′S，126°58′E	3163	20～55	[68]
	BRA94-42	6°04'S，102°25'E	2542	2～52	[64]
陆地记录	Niah	3°49′N，113°46′E		0～35	[54]
	Kelabit	3°34'N，115°33'E		5～40	[55]
	Sentarum	0°44'N，112°06'E		5～20	[56]
	NTSH	7°52′N，99°28′E		0～20	[60]
	Nee Soon	1°24′N，103°48′E		5～30	[59]
	Sim Sim	2°25′N，98°47′E		0～60	[58]
	Di-Atas	1°04'S，100°46'E		0	[57]
	Wanda	2°33'S，121°23'E		5～50	[43]
	Tondano	1°29'N，124°50'E		0～95	[63]
	Rawa	6°11′S，105°59′E		0～60	[65]
	Bandung	7°S，108°E		0～70	[62,66]
	Misedor	1°N，117°E		0～40	[62]
	Halmahera	2°N，128°E		0～30	[62]

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