Hydrodynamic characteristics of Longkou Bay and its response to artificial island groups
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摘要:
基于龙口湾及附近海域的水文实测资料，利用Mike21数学模型模拟了人工岛建设前后的潮流、波浪、纳潮量及水交换率等水动力特征，探讨了人工岛群建设对龙口湾水动力环境的影响。结果表明，人工岛建设显著改变了龙口湾潮流场特征及水体运动路径，湾内受到人工岛的阻挡，流速普遍减小，局部区域潮流运动形式由往复流变为旋转流，流向变化较大，余流形成多个涡旋；湾外由于堤头挑流作用导致局部区域流速增大且余流流速增大，潮流运动形式未发生明显改变。受人工岛的掩蔽作用，人工岛及附近区域的波浪有效波高普遍减小。龙口湾潮位出现北部最大潮差变小、南部最大潮差增大的格局，壅水作用导致人工岛内部水道潮差变化明显。人工岛建设直接占据了龙口湾海域面积，导致其纳潮量明显减小，水交换率呈现南部和北部增大、人工岛北侧以及内部水道减小的特征，人工岛造成的水动力环境的改变是影响水交换率变化的主要原因。人工岛群建设导致龙口湾内的潮流、波浪、纳潮量以及水交换等水动力特征减弱，是引起龙口湾水动力条件变化的根本因素。
Abstract:With the hydrological data from Longkou Bay and adjacent waters, hydrodynamic patterns of current, wave, tidal prism and water exchange rate before and after the construction of artificial island groups are simulated using the numerical model Mike21. On this basis, the impact of the construction of artificial islands onto the hydrodynamic environment of Longkou Bay is discussed. The results show that the construction of artificial islands has significantly changed the characteristics of current field in Longkou Bay in addition to water movement path. Flow velocity within the bay is generally reduced due to the obstruction of artificial islands, and the local tidal current movement has changed from the reciprocating flow to a rotating flow. The flow direction also changed greatly, and the residual flow forms multiple vortices. As the local regional velocity increases, the residual flow velocity also increased outside the bay due to the rippling effect of dike heads, which result in the increase in tidal current. There is no obvious change in the form of flow movement. Due to the masking effect of the artificial islands, the significant wave height at the artificial islands and their surrounding areas generally decreases. In Longkou Bay, the maximum tidal range decreases in the north and increases in the south, and the change of tidal range is most obvious due to backwater. The construction of artificial islands has directly occupied the area of Longkou Bay, resulting in the decrease of tidal capacity, the increase of water exchange rate in the south and north, and the decrease of water channel in the north and in the area inside the artificial islands. The change of hydrodynamic environment caused by artificial islands is the main reason to the change in water exchange rate. The construction of artificial islands has weakened the hydrodynamic characteristics such as tidal current, wave, tidal capacity and water exchange of Longkou Bay, which is fundamental to the change of hydrodynamic conditions in the bay.
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Key words:
- numerical simulation /
- hydrodynamics /
- artificial islands /
- Longkou bay
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表 1 人工岛建设前后纳潮量
Table 1. Tidal prism before and after construction of artificial island
潮况 建设前纳潮量/m3 建设后纳潮量/m3 变化量/m3 变化率/% 大潮 1.3620×108 1.1749×108 −1.8710×107 −13.74 小潮 9.1227×107 7.8660×107 −1.2567×107 −13.78 平均 1.1371×108 9.8075×107 −1.5635×107 −13.75 
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表 2 人工岛建设前后代表点潮位变化
Table 2. Tide changes before and after construction of artificial island (spring tide)
位置 站号 工程前最大潮差/m 工程后最大潮差/m 最大潮差变化/m 人工岛北 1 1.080 1.063 −0.017 2 1.076 1.063 −0.013 人工岛西 3 1.095 1.087 −0.008 4 1.100 1.094 −0.006 5 1.109 1.104 −0.005 人工岛南 6 1.107 1.121 0.014 7 1.118 1.126 0.008 8 1.138 1.139 0.001 人工岛内 9 1.085 1.066 −0.019 10 1.092 1.139 0.046 11 1.091 1.070 −0.021 12 1.097 1.144 0.047
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