Research progress of multi-azimuth acquisition and imaging technology of wide-tow multi-sources dual-sensor streamer
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摘要:
宽拖多源双传感器拖缆多方位采集与成像技术已成功引入商业地震勘探项目，提高了近海底地层和深部地震图像的分辨率。本文详细阐述了这项新型采集和成像技术，总结了其在北海、马来西亚近海以及巴伦支海等海域识别近海底地层和深层目标地质体的应用效果。在采集方面，该方案创新地将双传感器拖缆、宽拖多源、不同长度拖缆排列与新型多方位采集相结合；在成像方面，全波场成像方案则融合了反射层析成像、全波形反演以及分离波场成像等算法。其优势主要包括：① 能够明显减弱粗糙海面反射的影响，拓宽地震频带；② 提高信噪比、空间采样密度、采集效率以及速度模型精度；③ 实现了近偏移距均匀覆盖和经济高效的多方位照明，可对近海底地层以及深部地质目标进行高分辨率成像，尤其适合浅海环境条件，为不同深度地质体的成像提供了一种经济高效的解决方案。
Abstract:Wide-tow multi-sources dual-sensor streamer multi-azimuth acquisition and imaging technology has been successfully introduced into commercial seismic exploration projects. It improves the resolution of near-bottom strata and deep seismic images. This paper details this novel acquisition and imaging technique. This paper summarizes its application effect in the identification of near-seabed strata and deep target geological bodies in the North Sea, offshore Malaysia, the Barents Sea and other sea areas. The acquisition solution innovatively combines dual-sensor streamers, wide-tow multi-sources, and different length streamer arrangements with the new multi-azimuth acquisition. The Complete wavefield imaging combines reflection tomography, full waveform inversion (FWI), and separated wavefield imaging (SWIM). Its advantages mainly include: (1) Significantly weaken the influence of rough sea surface reflection and broaden the seismic frequency band. (2) Improve the signal-to-noise ratio, spatial sampling density, acquisition efficiency and velocity model accuracy. (3) Realize near offset uniform coverage and cost-effective multi-azimuth lighting. It can perform high-resolution imaging of near-seabed formations and deep geological targets, especially in shallow marine environmental conditions. It provides a cost-effective solution for imaging geological bodies at different depths.
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Key words:
- wide-tow multi-sources /
- dual-sensor /
- near offset /
- complete wavefield imaging /
- high-resolution
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表 1 2019—2020年实施的6个宽拖多源项目详细信息[27]
Table 1. Overview of the six wide-tow multi-source projects acquired in 2019 and 2020 [27]
序号 年份 国家 拖缆
数量拖缆间
距/m震源
数量横向面元
大小/m标准震源
间距/m宽拖震源
间距/m震源扩展
宽度/m1 2019 澳大利亚 12 75.00 2 18.750 37.5 112.50 112.5 2 2019 挪威 12 84.38 3 14.063 28.13 112.50 225.0 3 2020 挪威 14 93.75 3 15.625 31.25 125.00 250.0 4 2020 英国 12 93.75 3 15.625 31.25 62.50 125.0 5 2020 挪威 16 56.25 3 9.375 18.75 93.75 187.5 6 2020 挪威 16 56.25 5 5.625 18.75 78.75 315.0 
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