Transportion of suspended sediment in the southern mud area of Bohai Bay in summer: Characteristics and mechanism
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摘要:
为了解渤海湾泥质区南部近岸及毗邻海域夏季悬浮体输运格局，分别在湾内、湾口、湾口外和黄河口外NE向剖面处设置站位，进行25 h海流、温盐连续观测及悬浮体浓度（SSC）测定。结果显示，高温淡水以羽状流的方式自近岸向渤海中部传输，高浊度悬浮体多出现在涨急和落急的流速较高时期，较高的SSC值多出现在距底5 m水深范围，其中湾内和湾口两站的底层SSC值最高，分别可达约130 和80 mg/L，黄河口外NE向剖面20 m以深海域SSC值最小，均低于40 mg/L。单宽输沙率具有潮周期性特点：湾内A1站涨潮和涨平期以向湾内近岸输沙为主，落潮和落平期以向湾外输沙为主，潮平均单宽输沙率为7.8 g·m−1·s−1，方向为280°；湾口A2站涨落潮流输沙方向相反，整体以SE向朝湾外近岸输沙为主，潮平均单宽输沙率为7.2 g·m−1·s−1，方向为328°。湾外A3站涨潮和涨平时期输沙方向基本相反，大小相当，落潮和落平时期输沙方向以偏E和偏NE向为主，潮平均单宽输沙率为4.7 g·m−1·s−1，方向为77°。黄河口SE向的两个站位涨潮时输沙偏SE向，涨平时输沙偏NW向，落潮时输沙偏NW向，落平时输沙偏N向和偏NE向，两站的潮平均单宽输沙率方向以偏N向为主，A4站的潮平均单宽输沙率为5.2 g·m−1·s−1，方向为94°，A5站潮平均单宽输沙率为7.7 g·m−1·s−1，方向为102°。潮平均单宽输沙率以拉格朗日输沙贡献最显著，在湾口泥质区南部和东南部水深15～25 m的海域，垂向净环流的影响较大，有抵消一部分拉格朗日输沙率的作用，且对潮平均单宽输沙率的影响比湾内和25 m以深海域的大，其他分量数量级较小，对潮平均单宽输沙率贡献较小。水体以混合为主，水体层化程度加强对各站位悬浮体输运均有一定的抑制作用。
Abstract:To understand the transport pattern of suspended sediment in summer in the coastal and adjacent waters of the southern muddy area of Bohai Bay, observation stations were deployed in the bay, the bay mouth, and at the N-E-directed section off the Huanghe (Yellow) River estuary, in which current, thermohaline, and suspended sediment concentration (SSC) were observed in-situ continuously in 25 h. Results show that warm fresh waters travelled from shore to the middle of Bohai Sea in the form of plume flow. High turbidity suspension occurred mostly during periods of maximum flood and maximum ebb, and high SSC value appeared mostly in 5m above sea bottom. The bottom SSC values in the bay and bay mouth stations are the highest, reaching about 130 and 80 mg/L, respectively. The SSC value at 20 m-deep sea area outside the Huanghe River estuary was the lowest at below 40 mg/L. The average single-width sediment transport rate at Station A1 in the bay was 7.8 g·m−1·s−1 toward 280°. However, the sand transport direction of the ebb and flow tide at Station A2 in the bay mouth was opposite, and the sand transport direction was mainly southeastward to the outside of the bay. The average single width sand transport rate of the tide was 7.2 g·m−1·s−1 toward 328°. The sediment transport directions of Station A3 outside the bay during flood tide and flood slack were generally opposite to each other on similar scales, and the sediment transport directions were mainly east-to-northeastward during ebb tide and ebb slack. The tidal averaged sediment transport rate per unit width was 4.7 g·m−1·s−1, and the direction was 77°. At the two stations in SE of the Huanghe River estuary, the sediment transport was in southeastward in flood tide, northeastward in flood slack, northwestward in ebb tide, and north-northeastward in ebb slack. The average single-width sediment transport in the two stations was mainly northward. The average sediment transport rate per unit width of Station A4 was 5.2 g·m−1·s−1, and the direction of transport was 94°. The tidal averaged sediment transport rate per unit width at Station A5 is 7.7 g·m−1·s−1, and the direction of transport was 102°. The Lagrange sediment transport rate contributed most significantly to the tidal averaged sediment transport rate per unit width. In the southern and southeastern parts of the bay-mouth mud area, the vertical net circulation showed a large impact on the Lagrange sediment transport rate, which could offset partially the Lagrange sediment transport rate, thus affecting more obviously the tidal averaged sediment transport rate per unit width than those in the bay and the sea area deeper than 25 m. Other directional components of velocity had smaller orders of magnitude and contributed less to the tidal averaged sediment transport rate per unit width.
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