Seismic stratigraphy and buried special geomorphological features in shallow strata off middle and south Fujian Province, China
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摘要:
在闽中南近海台湾海峡中西部的湄洲湾和泉州湾采用拖筏震源进行高分辨率单道浅地震调查，测线网格在南部海域为1 km×5 km，北部为约5 km×8 km。有两个区域性的强反射界面：海底面和陆相强侵蚀面。局部可以辨识海侵面、最大海泛面和基岩面。除了在晚更新世古河道等负地形区外，陆相强侵蚀面与海侵面重合，该强侵蚀面将地震剖面分隔为上层序和下层序，而海侵面又将上层序划分为全新世海相和晚更新世古河道充填相层。其中，全新世海相层为主体，全区有分布，部分海域可以分成上亚层和下亚层。在晚更新世末次低海面时期，研究区南部发育古晋江南河道和北河道，最宽分别约7～8 km和2 km，北部为密集的溪沟地貌，宽约1 km；推测随着海平面上升，古晋江河道发生堆积退缩，直至消失，时间为约12.0～9.6 kaBP，而后掩埋于全新世海相层之下。在研究区最南部，有19 条长度1 km以上的潮流沙脊埋藏于全新世海相层内，高约1～7 m，长约1.5～10 km，大体相互平行，主要发育年代可能在约10 kaBP。沙脊分为单脊型和多脊型，前者又分为单脊孤立型和单脊多列型，后者分为简单多脊型和超复多脊型，沙脊高度与下伏亚层的厚度基本上呈正相关。泉州湾口外发育小型河道和水下三角洲，主要浅埋于全新世海相层内，形成于全新世。这些埋藏特殊地貌的发育，除北部海域的溪沟外，均与晋江水沙有关。
Abstract:High-resolution shallow-seismic profiles using boomer in inshore area off Meizhou Bay and Quanzhou Bay, the middle of the western Taiwan Strait were analyzed. The survey grids are 1 km×5 km in the southern area and about 5 km×8 km in the northern. The seismic profiles reveal two regional strong reflectors: T0 (sea bottom) and SB (subaerial erosion surface); and three locally recognizable: TS (transgressive surface), MFS (maximum flooding surface), and TR (rock surface). Apart from paleo-negative topography, such as river channels of MIS 2, SB coincides with TS. In addition, the seismic profiles can be divided at SB into upper sequence (USQ) and lower sequence (LSQ). The USQ is subdivided at TS into unit U1 (marine Holocene) and U2 (infillings of paleo-channel of MIS 2). During the last low sea level, the south and north channels of paleo-Jinjiang River were developed in the southern study area in 7~8 km and 2 km, the widest width, respectively. In the northern study area were developed quite dense gullies, about 1 km wide, which might be related to complicated paleo-ground and streams from Meizhou Bay region varying strongly in season. Considering sea level curves, as sea level rising, the south channels were gradually submerged landward about 12.0~9.6 kaBP. In addition, 19 buried linear tidal sand ridges in NE-SW direction within unit U1 in the southernmost part of the study area were recognized. The sand ridges are about 1~7 m high, 1.5–10 km long, and usually in intervals of several-hundred meters to about 1 km. They were mainly formed at about 10 kaBP. In terms of the profile shapes and internal structures, they could be divided into single-crest sand ridges and multiple-crests sand ridges. The former ones are in turn subdivided into isolated single-crest ridges and single-crest ridges of multiple-lines, while the latter ones, into simple multiple-crests ridges and overlapped multiple-crests ridges. A small river channel and a subaqueous delta were mainly buried inside U1 just outside Quanzhou Bay mouth. They were formed during the Holocene. The development of all these buried special geomorphological features, but gullies in the northern area, were related with sand and water discharges of paleo-Jinjiang River.
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表 1 沙脊典型（最大）高度和下伏U1b厚度
Table 1. Typical (maximum) height of sand ridges and thickness of their underlain U1b
沙脊编号 TS深度/m 海底深度/m 沙脊高度/m U1b厚度/m 沙脊分区 SR17 47.2 37.7 5.7 3.2 南小区 SR15 45.5 37.2 4.7 1.2 南小区 SR10-4 44.4 33.7 7.2 1.2 南小区 SR07 42.0 32.7 4.4 1.6 南小区 SR05 40.7 27.7 2.0 ~0* 东北小区 SR04 40.0 27.7 3.6 0.4 东北小区 SR01 36.0 25.9 3.6 1.6 西北小区 注：*：~0是指U1b的厚度在剖面中难以分辨出，估计约为0 m。 
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