有机脂类分子重建海洋古温度研究进展

杨迎雪; 李丽; 郁金勇; 贺娟; 贾国东

doi:10.16562/j.cnki.0256-1492.2022042901

有机脂类分子重建海洋古温度研究进展

同济大学海洋与地球科学学院海洋地质国家重点实验室，上海 200092

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划“国际大洋钻探南海航次后科学研究”（2018YFE0202402）；国家自然科学基金“晚渐新世—中中新世东亚低纬区降水演化历史及其全球影响”（41876042），“南海沉积物中支链四醚膜脂的组成和碳同位素特征及其对古气候研究的启示”（41673042）；上海市科委国际合作项目“国际大洋钻探计划合作研究”（20590780200）

详细信息

作者简介: 杨迎雪（1997—），女，硕士研究生，主要从事海洋生物地球化学和古气候研究，E-mail：2031677@tongji.edu.cn

通讯作者: 李丽（1974—），女，博士，教授，主要从事海洋生物地球化学和古气候研究，E-mail：lilitju@tongji.edu.cn

中图分类号: P736.2

收稿日期: 2022-04-29

修回日期: 2022-06-04

刊出日期: 2022-12-28

Progresses in the study of organic lipid molecules for reconstruction of paleo-sea temperature

State Key Laboratory of Marine Geology, School of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China

More Information

Corresponding author: LI Li, lilitju@tongji.edu.cn

Received Date: 29 April 2022

Revised Date: 04 June 2022

Publish Date: 28 December 2022

摘要

摘要:
温度是气候变化中一个非常敏感和关键的因子，也是气候模拟试验中不可或缺的边界条件。古温度重建对于理解古气候系统（如大气环流、洋流强度和路径演化历史）及预测未来气候变化都具有重要意义。随着分析测试技术的不断发展，分子有机地球化学温度指标受到高度重视，成为古气候研究的重要手段，迄今为止，已在全球范围内得到了广泛应用。本文综述了${\rm U}^{\rm K}_{37} $、TEX₈₆、NL₅、LDI、RI-OH、和RAN₁₃这6种基于有机脂类分子的海洋古温度重建代用指标，包括各指标所涉及的有机生物标志物的结构特征、生物来源、温度响应机制，阐述了各指标的发展历程、基本原理、应用现状，分析了其局限性。为验证重建结果的可靠性提供了理论依据，同时阐释了多指标联用对全面、客观重建古温度的必要性，以及对古气候研究学科发展的重要意义。
- 古温度重建 /
- 有机代用指标 /
- 脂质 /
- 海洋环境
Abstract:
Temperature is a very sensitive and crucial factor in climate change, and an indispensable boundary condition in climate modelling. The reconstruction of paleotemperature is of great significance for understanding paleoclimate system such as the evolution of atmospheric circulation, and ocean currents strength and path, as well as for making more accurate predictions of future climate changes. Along with the development of new analytical techniques, organic temperature proxies have been highly valued as an important tool in paleoclimate research and widely applied in temperature reconstruction globally. In this paper, six organic thermometers are reviewed, i.e. ${\rm U}^{\rm K}_{37} $, TEX₈₆, RI-OH, LDI, NL₅, and RAN₁₃, including lipid structural characteristics, biological sources, and mechanism in their responds to temperature. The development history, basic principles, application status, and limitations of each index are also elucidated. Multi-index combination is believed necessary and recommended for reliable reconstruction of paleotemperature, which is significant for the progress of paleoclimate study.
- paleotemperature reconstruction /
- organic proxy /
- lipids /
- marine environment

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图 1 长链烯酮分子结构(a)，不同温度下E. huxleyi培养实验中长链烯酮的代表性色谱图(b)^[6,14]

Figure 1.

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图 2 iGDGTs分子结构(a)与不同温度下海洋沉积物样品中iGDGTs的代表性色谱图(b)^{[35, 42]}

Figure 2.

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图 3 梯烷脂脂肪酸分子结构（a，FA: fatty acid）和不同温度下Candidatus B. fulgida培养实验中梯烷脂脂肪酸的代表性色谱图(b)^[65]

Figure 3.

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图 4 长链烷基二醇分子结构(a)和不同温度下海洋沉积物样品中长链烷基二醇的代表性色谱图（b，m/z 313：C₂₈1,13二醇、C₃₀1,15二醇，m/z341：C₃₀ 1,13二醇）

Figure 4.

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图 5 OH-GDGTs分子结构(a) 以及不同温度下海洋沉积物样品中OH-GDGTs的代表性色谱图（b）

Figure 5.

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图 6 3-羟基脂肪酸分子结构(a)以及不同温度下海洋沉积物样品中3-羟基脂肪酸的代表性色谱图(b)^[115,120]

Figure 6.

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图 7 东海B3站位RAN₁₃和${\rm{TEX}}^{\rm H}_{86} $指标反演年均温度对比(a)，南海S101站位LDI和A9站位${\rm{TEX}}^{\rm H}_{86} $、${\rm U}^{\rm K'}_{37} $指标反演年均温度对比(b)

Figure 7.

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表 1 长链烯酮古温度指标（${\rm U}^{\rm K}_{37} $）及温度校准公式

Table 1. Paleotemperature ${\rm U}^{\rm K}_{37} $ index (derived from long-chain alkenones) and the temperature calibration equations

指标
序号	公式			指示意义			参考文献
1				海水表层温度			[15]
2							[6]
3							[18]
温度校准公式
	样品来源	公式	适用范围	样品数	r²	标准误差	参考文献
4	培养实验		8～25℃	20	0.994	−	[6]
5	培养实验		8～25℃	22	0.994	−	[16]
6	全球大洋表层沉积物		0～29℃	370	0.958	1.5	[17]
注：−表示文献中未给出相关数据，下表相同。

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表 2 四醚膜脂古温度指标（TEX₈₆）及温度校准公式

Table 2. Paleotemperature TEX₈₆ index (derived from iGDGTs) and the temperature calibration equations

TEX₈₆指标
序号	公式			指示意义			参考文献
1				海水温度			[43]
2				海水温度			[44]
3							[48]
3							[48]
4				陆源和海源有机质的相对丰度			[49]
温度校准公式
	样品来源	公式	适用范围	样品数	r²	标准误差	参考文献
5	培养实验		5～35℃	15	0.79	−	[36]
6	北冰洋表层沉积物		0～30℃	104	0.93	−	[44]
7	全球大洋表层沉积物（无红海，无极地）		5～30℃	223	0.935	1.7	[45]
8	红海北部表层沉积物		24.6～28.8℃	11	0.90	0.36	[46]
9	全球大洋表层沉积物		0～30℃	44	0.92	2.0	[43]
10			−2～30℃	287	0.817	3.7	[47]
11			−3～30℃	396	0.86	4.0	[48]
11			5～30℃	255	0.87	2.5	[48]
注：Ia、IIa(IIa')、IIIa(IIIa')属于bGDGTs。

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表 3 梯烷脂古温度指标（NL₅）及温度校准公式

Table 3. Paleotemperature NL₅ (ladderane lipids) index and the tempreature calibrations equations

梯烷脂古温度指标
序号	指标	公式			指示意义		参考文献
1					海水温度		[70]
温度校准公式
	样品来源	公式	适用范围	样品数	r²	标准误差	参考文献
2	培养实验、海洋颗粒有机物和表层沉积物		2～40℃	157	0.92	−	[70]
3	培养实验、海洋颗粒有机物和表层沉积物		2～65℃	121	0.85	−	[71]

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表 4 长链烷基二醇古温度指标（LDI）及温度校准公式

Table 4. Paleotemperature LDI (long chain diol index) and the calibration equations

长链烷基二醇古温度指标
序号	指标	公式				指示意义	参考文献
1						海水表层温度	[80]
温度校准公式
	样品来源	公式	适用范围	样品数	r²	标准误差	参考文献
2	大西洋表层沉积物		−3～27℃	162	0.969	2.0	[80]
3	南海表层沉积物		＞27℃	79	0.69	−	[88]
4	全球大洋表层沉积物		−3.3～27.4℃	514	0.88	3.0	[89]

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表 5 羟基四醚膜脂古温度指标（RI-OH）及温度校准公式

Table 5. Paleotemperature RI-OH indices derived from OH-GDGTs and the tempreature calibration equations

羟基四醚膜脂古温度指标
序号	公式			指示意义			参考文献
1				海水表层温度			[107]
2				海水表层温度			[107]
温度校准公式
	样品来源	公式	适用范围	样品数	r²	标准误差	参考文献
3	中国近海表层沉积物		14.1～27.2℃	54	0.81	2.0	[107]
4	全球大洋表层沉积物		−1.5～28.8℃	107	0.74	−
5	全球大洋表层沉积物		−1.5～28.8℃	107	0.75	−

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表 6 3-羟基脂肪酸指标及温度、pH校准公式

Table 6. The 3-OH-FAs index, and paleotemperature and pH calibration equations

3-羟基脂肪酸指标
序号	指标	公式			指示意义		参考文献
1	支链比				pH		[114]
2
3	支链指数
4	RIN
5
6					大气年平均温度		[114]
7							[119]
8					海水表层温度		[120]
温度校准公式
	样品来源	公式	适用范围	样品数	r²	标准误差	参考文献
9	神农架土壤		4.49～7.98	26	0.76	−	[114]
10					0.70	0.54
11					0.70	0.54
12					0.67	0.56
13		MAT=23.03–3.03×RAN₁₅	1.9～14.7℃		0.51	2.6
14		MAT=26.36–9.09×RAN₁₇	1.9～14.7℃		0.48	2.7
15	Majella山土壤	MAT=13.54–1.94×RAN₁₅	0.2～14.1℃	11	0.52	2.9	[124]
16	Rungwe山土壤	MAT=30.50–3.19×RAN₁₅	14.3～25.7℃	28	0.52	1.6
17	神农架、Majella山、Rungwe山土壤	MAT=25.74–7.38×RAN₁₇	0.2～25.7℃	65	0.60	5.1
18	北太平洋表层沉积物		1.3～28.1℃	45	0.92	2.55	[120]
19	中国碱性淡水湖		4.9～17℃	24	0.65	2.6	[119]
注：N/n代表正构，I/i代表异构，A/a代表反异构。

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表 7 不同脂质古温度指标综合对比

Table 7. Comparison among different lipid-based temperature proxies

指标	生物来源	适用范围			关键影响因素
指标	生物来源	温度	年代	典型区域	关键影响因素
	定鞭藻	−2～29℃	新近纪至今	：中低纬深海海域：高纬深海海域	繁殖季节、侧向输入
TEX₈₆	古菌	＜38.6℃	侏罗纪至今	：＜15℃海域：＞15℃海域不适用于甲烷活动海域	陆源输入、繁殖季节和水深、成熟度、甲烷活动
NL₅	厌氧氨氧化菌	12～20℃	第四纪至今	近岸沿海海域	营养盐、溶解有机碳浓度、水深、氧含量、早期成岩作用
LDI	硅藻Proboscia、异鞭藻A. radians、真眼点藻	−3～30℃	新近纪至今	−	淡水输入、氧化降解
RI-OH	古菌	＜29℃	第四纪至今	RI-OH：＞15℃海域 RI-OH'：＜15℃海域	陆源输入、繁殖季节
RAN₁₃	革兰氏阴性菌	＞0℃	−	−	−
注：适用范围来自现有资料，未来可能有更广阔的适用性。

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