陆坡重力流沉积地貌单元三维地震表征及其成因

李玲; 李磊; 闫华敏; 彭晨昂; 程琳燕; 高毅凡; 张威; 龚广传

doi:10.16562/j.cnki.0256-1492.2022070702

陆坡重力流沉积地貌单元三维地震表征及其成因

1.
西安石油大学地球科学与工程学院，西安 710065

2.
陕西省油气成藏地质学重点实验室，西安 710065

基金项目: 钻后储层反演和地质建模研究项目（ZX2021ZCGCF7751）；西安石油大学研究生创新与实践能力培养计划（YCS22213072）；西安石油大学研究生教育综合改革研究与实践项目“专业学位研究生联合培养基地建设与管理——与石油企业联合培养模式研究”（2021-X-YJG-002）

详细信息

作者简介: 李玲（1997—），女，硕士研究生，主要从事地震解释及深水沉积研究，E-mail：1228763757@qq.com

通讯作者: 李磊（1979—），男，博士，教授，主要从事地震地质综合解释及海洋沉积研究，E-mail：lilei@xsyu.edu.cn

中图分类号: P736

收稿日期: 2022-07-07

修回日期: 2022-10-05

录用日期: 2022-10-05

刊出日期: 2023-02-28

3D seismic characterization and origination of gravity flow geomorphic units on continental slope: A case study of Lingshui Sag, Qiongdongnan Basin

1.
School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Xi’an Shiyou University, Xi’an 710065, China

2.
Shaanxi Key Lab of Petroleum Accumulation Geology, Xi’an 710065, China

More Information

Corresponding author: LI Lei, lilei@xsyu.edu.cn

Received Date: 07 July 2022

Revised Date: 05 October 2022

Accepted Date: 05 October 2022

Publish Date: 28 February 2023

摘要

摘要:
海底地貌一直是国内外学者关注的重点领域。基于琼东南盆地陵水凹陷1000 km²高分辨率三维地震资料，利用GeoFrame综合解释平台、Surfer三维成图等技术，对琼东南盆地陵水凹陷现今海底地貌进行精细刻画。研究结果表明：① 琼东南盆地下陆坡带主要发育水道（大型水道C1和冲沟-朵体复合体G1—G3）、周期阶坎以及滑坡体系3类典型地貌单元。② 水道C1宽深比31.5～232，主要由陆坡水道运输的碎屑物质冲刷而成，冲沟-朵体复合体G1—G3末端可见明显朵体发育；同时，可在水道和滑坡体系内识别到周期阶坎；研究区处于陆坡滑塌的体部-趾部区域，广泛发育挤压脊、舌状体等沉积构造。③ 推测认为研究区海底地貌主要由上陆坡滑坡引起，在物源与海平面升降的加持下，形成如今的综合型地貌。
- 海底地貌 /
- 水道 /
- 周期阶坎 /
- 滑坡 /
- 琼东南盆地
Abstract:
Seafloor topography has always been the key of scientific study. Based on 1000 km² high-resolution 3D seismic data of Lingshui Sag in Qiongdongnan Basin, South China Sea, the GeoFrame platform, Surfer 3D mapping, and other technologies were applied to characterize the current submarine landform of Lingshui Sag. Results show that the lower slope of Qiongdongnan Basin presented mainly three types of geomorphic units: channels (including large channel C1 and gully-lobe complexes G1-G3), cyclic steps, and submarine landslides. The width-depth ratio of channel C1 that was mainly scoured by debris transported via continental slope channels, is between 31.5 and 232. At the ends of G1-G3 of gully-lobe complex developed obvious lobes. The cyclic steps could be identified in the channel and submarine landslides. Squeeze ridges and underwater tongues were developed widely in the main body and the toes of slumps on continental slope. We speculate that the seafloor topography in the Lingshui Sag was mainly caused by submarine landsliding on the upper continental slope, which was intensified by deposit overload and sea level fluctuation, and finally the modern landform was formed.
- seafloor topography /
- channel /
- cyclic steps /
- submarine landslide /
- Qiongdongnan Basin

HTML全文

图 1 研究区地理位置（a）及地貌图（b、c）^[7]

Figure 1.

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图 2 水道C1形态变化

Figure 2.

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图 3 水道体系构型参数

Figure 3.

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图 4 冲沟-朵体复合体G1、G2、G3典型剖面

Figure 4.

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图 5 周期阶坎典型剖面

Figure 5.

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图 6 水道壁滑塌

Figure 6.

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图 7 滑坡地貌特征

Figure 7.

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图 8 研究区地貌模式图

Figure 8.

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表 1 常见海底地貌及特征描述

Table 1. Description and features of typical seafloor topography

一级分类	二级分类	特征描述
深水水道	单一型水道	深水水道从形态上有弯曲水道（弯曲度＞1.2）和顺直水道(弯曲度＜1.2)之分^[8-9]，是沉积物由浅海向深海搬运的重要通道
	分支水道	分支水道常发育于海底水道的头部和趾部，似树枝状展布，总体发育规模较小^[10]
	水道堤岸复合体	外部形态呈“海鸥”翼状展布，由“U”型或“V”型水道和楔状堤岸组成^[11]
	水道-朵体复合体	头部多为单一水道或者多分支水道，末端常以朵叶状展布
海底滑坡	头部	海底滑坡的头部常可识别出陡崖、滑移块体、侧壁、犁式正断层等沉积构造
	体部	体部常见的特征有：滑塌褶皱、剪切槽、滑塌块体
	趾部	趾部区域常能识别出逆冲断层、挤压脊、侵蚀擦痕以及外逸块体
冲沟		冲沟是常见的小尺度地貌，相当于深水沉积输送体系的“毛细血管”^[12]，多由高速冲刷的悬浮颗粒导致
海底峡谷		海底峡谷常呈“V”或“U”型下切，侧壁较陡，主要以侵蚀或沉积为主。深水海底峡谷是良好的油气储层，同时也可以记录完整的海洋地质环境变迁相关信息^[13]
海底麻坑	孤立麻坑	孤立麻坑表现为圆形或椭圆形，直径1～300 m^[14]，是由超压流体溢出海底时侵蚀海底沉积物所形成的一种负地形^[15]
海底麻坑	条带状麻坑	由若干个大小不一的麻坑组成的麻坑带，古水道和浅层气的逸散是形成条带状麻坑的主要因素^[8,16]
周期阶坎		周期阶坎多为长波形、不对称展布，似正弦曲线多数向上游迁移，部分向下游迁移的新月形^[17]

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表 2 研究区内周期阶坎发育主要参数

Table 2. Measurements of the cyclic steps in the study area

发育体系	发育位置	沉积区特征			周期阶坎基本特征
发育体系	发育位置	面积/km²	坡度/(°)	形态	波长/km	波高/m
水道体系	水道	55.92	1.33	长条状	0.03～3.56	1.2～5.44
水道体系	冲沟-朵体带	19.18	1.04	叶状	0.05～2.06	1.88～2.06
滑坡体系	西侧滑塌区	87.06	1.41	分散展布	0.38～4.24	2.8～5.36
滑坡体系	东侧滑塌区	157.82	1.12	分散展布	0.04～5.14	1.66～4.75

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