中太平洋海山群玄武岩磷酸盐化特征及其对全岩地球化学的影响

王世奇; 叶现韬; 张传林; 石学法

doi:10.16562/j.cnki.0256-1492.2022111401

中太平洋海山群玄武岩磷酸盐化特征及其对全岩地球化学的影响

1.
河海大学海洋学院，南京 210098

2.
自然资源部第一海洋研究所，青岛 266061

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目“中太平洋海山群玄武岩的成因与源区特征”（42176093）；青岛海洋科学与技术国家实验室海洋地质过程与环境功能实验室开放基金项目“中太平洋海山区玄武岩年代学和地球化学特征：对海山成因和演化的启示”（MGONLM-KF201817）

详细信息

作者简介: 王世奇（1996—），男，硕士研究生，从事岩浆岩石学与矿物学研究，E-mail：250269383@qq.com

通讯作者: 叶现韬（1987—），男，博士，副教授，从事岩浆岩石学研究，E-mail：yexiantao@hhu.edu.cn

中图分类号: P736

收稿日期: 2022-11-14

修回日期: 2023-01-18

录用日期: 2023-01-18

刊出日期: 2024-02-28

Characteristics of phosphatization and its effects on the geochemical compositions of basalts from the Mid-Pacific Mountains

1.
College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China

2.
First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao 266061, China

More Information

Corresponding author: YE Xiantao, yexiantao@hhu.edu.cn

Received Date: 14 November 2022

Revised Date: 18 January 2023

Accepted Date: 18 January 2023

Publish Date: 28 February 2024

摘要

摘要:
大洋玄武岩是研究地幔不均一性、岩浆起源与演化的重要对象。然而，由于其长期与周围的海水相互作用，极易发生蚀变和次生变化。磷酸盐化是大洋玄武岩最常见的次生变化之一，会影响到其全岩地球化学成分，且目前仍没有去除磷酸盐化的有效方法。因此，研究磷酸盐化特征以及评估其对玄武岩全岩地球化学成分的影响至关重要。本文以中太平洋海山群（九皋和紫檀海山）玄武岩为研究对象，通过能谱面扫描元素分布图、主量元素以及微量元素揭示玄武岩的磷酸盐化特征，评估磷酸盐化对其全岩主微量元素的影响。面扫描元素分布图显示，中太平洋海山群玄武岩的磷酸盐化作用主要发生在玄武岩气孔和裂隙周围，以交代早期的碳酸盐化基质，形成细小的磷酸盐矿物，呈浸染状分布在玄武岩基质中为特点，并且磷酸盐化会不同程度地改变玄武岩的主量元素和微量元素成分：比如磷酸盐化会使玄武岩的MgO、CaO、Na₂O、MnO含量降低，K₂O和Fe₂O₃^T含量升高，同时也会对相容元素（如Cr、Co、Ni等）、大离子亲石元素（Rb、Ba、Cs等）和稀土元素造成不同程度的影响。值得注意的是，在磷酸盐化过程中，玄武岩的Al₂O₃、SiO₂和高场强元素（Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf和Ti）几乎不受影响。
- 玄武岩 /
- 磷酸盐化 /
- 全岩地球化学 /
- 海山群 /
- 中太平洋
Abstract:
Oceanic basalts are ideal samples in deciphering geodynamics, mantle heterogeneity, and magma origin and evolution. However, due to its long-term interaction with the surrounding seawater, it is easy to undergo alteration and secondary alteration. Phosphatization is one of the most common secondary alteration in oceanic basalts, which can affect the geochemical compositions of basalt and there is no effective method to eliminate it yet. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the effect of phosphatization on the geochemical compositions of basalt. The mapping of element distribution by energy spectrum surface scanning with energy dispersive spectrometer, and analyses of major and trace elements of the phosphatized basalts from the Mid-Pacific Mountains were conducted. The elemental mapping shows that the phosphatization occurred mainly around the vesicles and fissures of basalts. It metasomatized the early-formed carbonated matrix by which fine phosphate minerals were formed. Phosphatization would change the major elements and trace elements of basalt. For example, phosphatization could decrease the contents of MgO, CaO, Na₂O and MnO, and increase the contents of K₂O and Fe₂O₃^T in the basalt. Meanwhile, it also affected the compatible elements (such as Cr, Co, Ni, etc.), large ion lithophile elements (Rb, Ba, Cs, etc.), and rare earth elements. It is noted that Al₂O₃, SiO₂, and high field strength elements (Nb, Ta, Zr, Hf and Ti) of the basalts are nearly unaffected the the phosphatization.
- basalts /
- phosphatization /
- geochemical compositions /
- seamount groups /
- Mid-Pacific Mountains

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图 1 中太平洋海山群地理位置与地形图

Figure 1.

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图 2 海山地形图

Figure 2.

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图 3 海山玄武岩镜下照片（正交偏光）

Figure 3.

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图 4 九皋和紫檀玄武岩 SiO₂-Zr/TiO₂地球化学判别图

Figure 4.

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图 5 九皋和紫檀玄武岩球粒陨石标准化稀土元素模式图

Figure 5.

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图 6 九皋玄武岩气孔周围能谱面扫描元素含量分布图

Figure 6.

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图 7 九皋玄武岩裂隙周围能谱面扫描元素含量分布图

Figure 7.

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图 8 P₂O₅与烧失量（a）及δCe（b）相关图解

Figure 8.

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图 9 九皋和紫檀玄武岩 δY 与主量元素相关图

Figure 9.

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图 10 九皋和紫檀玄武岩 δY 与微量元素关系图

Figure 10.

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图 11 九皋和紫檀玄武岩Zr与Hf、Nb、Ta和Ti含量关系图

Figure 11.

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表 1 九皋和紫檀海山玄武岩主量元素地球化学数据

Table 1. Major elements of the Jiugao and Zitan basalts %

海山	样品编号	SiO₂	TiO₂	Al₂O₃	Fe₂O₃^T	MnO	MgO	CaO	Na₂O	K₂O	P₂O₅	LOI	SUM
九皋海山	CWD16-1.1	49.80	2.29	17.75	12.77	0.07	2.91	3.16	1.31	1.95	0.57	7.43	100.01
	CWD16-1.2	47.94	2.32	17.89	11.40	0.19	2.42	5.18	1.55	2.06	1.47	7.10	99.51
	CWD16-1.3	48.16	2.31	17.36	12.65	0.09	3.18	4.49	1.59	2.25	0.51	6.80	99.38
	CWD16-1.4	46.90	2.46	18.85	12.76	0.10	3.53	6.20	1.51	1.39	0.47	6.09	100.27
	CWD16-1.5	48.78	2.34	17.79	13.30	0.09	3.04	3.90	1.23	1.87	0.60	7.29	100.23
	CWD16-1.6	48.67	2.39	18.29	12.21	0.11	3.05	3.75	1.42	2.06	0.32	7.18	99.46
	CWD16-2.1	47.56	2.43	18.15	13.61	0.07	2.34	3.14	1.08	1.88	0.71	8.39	99.36
	CWD16-2.2	48.85	2.43	17.21	14.19	0.04	2.50	2.94	1.01	2.42	0.52	7.87	99.98
	CWD16-2.4	48.29	2.46	18.58	11.49	0.19	3.35	6.26	1.63	1.29	0.38	5.94	99.84
	CWD16-2.5	46.02	2.42	16.73	13.23	0.14	5.22	8.10	1.11	0.95	0.35	5.76	100.03
	CWD16-2.6	45.92	2.62	18.90	13.51	0.09	2.08	4.93	1.47	1.47	1.00	7.33	99.30
	CWD10-2②	47.81	1.34	15.13	12.57	0.10	7.58	7.98	1.88	0.82	0.08	4.58	99.87
	CWD10-3	47.75	1.28	15.30	13.05	0.10	7.41	7.26	1.84	1.06	0.13	4.59	99.75
紫檀海山	CWD12-1①	51.03	1.30	15.20	14.19	0.02	2.88	4.88	1.86	3.57	0.41	4.79	100.13
	CWD12-2	51.08	1.62	17.85	11.65	0.06	2.42	6.58	2.63	2.01	0.09	3.41	99.39
	CWD12-3②	50.46	1.57	17.17	12.75	0.07	2.51	6.89	2.53	2.12	0.09	3.29	99.44

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表 2 九皋和紫檀玄武岩微量元素地球化学数据

Table 2. Trace elements of the Jiugao and Zitan basalts

海山	样品编号	Sc	V	Cr	Co	Ni	Ga	Rb	Sr	Y	Zr	Nb	Cs	Ba	La	Ce	Pr	Nd	Sm	Eu
九皋海山	CWD16-1.1	24.9	103	319	10	104	18.4	50.8	627	64.1	286	63.6	2.31	567	55.1	58.9	9.93	40.3	7.54	2.31
	CWD16-1.2	21.5	118	321	25.9	180	18.5	45.3	763	109	288	65.8	1.6	1070	117	64.9	13.4	54	9.21	2.78
	CWD16-1.3	26.7	135	359	20.3	135	18.1	47.9	782	66.3	305	64.3	1.56	688	65.4	61.9	11.7	47.6	8.76	2.67
	CWD16-1.4	28.1	212	350	24.1	113	17.9	34.9	735	44	320	69.1	1.39	601	47.1	64.2	9.7	39.1	7.55	2.4
	CWD16-1.5	24.4	111	330	14.7	102	18.1	48.5	638	59.4	299	66.1	2.04	517	55.3	63.2	10.5	42.3	7.95	2.45
	CWD16-1.6	25.4	156	335	22.6	124	18.5	43.2	704	43.4	314	68.5	1.43	579	46.1	60.2	9.38	38	7.25	2.26
	CWD16-2.1	24.8	91	263	8.1	82.9	17.4	55	553	83.9	299	65.7	2.55	428	75.6	53.5	11.5	46.9	8.13	2.44
	CWD16-2.2	24.9	120	326	5.67	57.6	14.4	56.9	499	107	329	67.7	2.37	427	97.3	52.6	17.9	74.6	13.7	3.92
	CWD16-2.4	26.6	159	356	24.9	146	17.4	31.1	758	52.1	314	66.3	1.31	627	52.7	65.6	10.2	41.3	7.79	2.48
	CWD16-2.5	27.6	243	258	32.2	121	18.4	21.5	619	46.3	291	63.3	0.86	411	42.4	61.3	8.86	36	7.04	2.24
	CWD16-2.6	23.5	175	372	16.1	80.1	16.1	37.7	769	81.3	332	71.4	1.35	657	73.6	68.3	13.2	53.6	9.75	2.93
紫檀海山	CWD10-2②	30.5	220	418	44.1	337	17.3	30.2	141	18.7	74.2	7.52	2.62	41.9	6.15	9.38	1.72	8.32	2.22	0.842
	CWD10-3	29.3	187	495	44.5	297	17.3	37.9	142	22.8	71.4	7.13	3.27	43.5	8.89	9.61	1.94	9.21	2.38	0.87
	CWD12-1①	22.7	67	256	10.6	83.2	16.7	95.4	228	61.1	93	12.6	4.13	134	43.8	12.5	6.51	28.6	5.41	1.59
	CWD12-2	30.1	162	186	29.5	136	20.2	56	224	16.3	97.7	13.6	2.89	105	7.25	11.7	1.68	7.74	1.91	0.79
	CWD12-3②	31	171	185	24.2	99	20	61.2	221	18.4	97	13.4	3.02	99.8	8	12.8	1.99	9.22	2.28	0.875

海山	样品编号	Gd	Tb	Dy	Ho	Er	Tm	Yb	Lu	Hf	Ta	Pb	Th	U	δEu	δCe	δY	(La/Sm)_N		∑REE
九皋海山	CWD16-1.1	8.48	1.25	7.56	1.67	4.78	0.71	4.42	0.716	5.92	3.68	10.9	4.98	1.15	0.88	0.61	1.38	4.6		203.67
	CWD16-1.2	11.2	1.56	9.52	2.16	6.15	0.88	5.32	0.863	5.89	3.83	16.6	4.95	1.04	0.84	0.39	1.84	7.99		298.94
	CWD16-1.3	9.73	1.41	8.28	1.76	4.88	0.714	4.4	0.696	6.2	3.89	13.7	5.21	1.04	0.88	0.54	1.33	4.7		229.9
	CWD16-1.4	7.75	1.17	6.88	1.43	4.01	0.602	3.81	0.6	6.52	4.09	12.1	5.47	0.94	0.96	0.72	1.07	3.92		196.3
	CWD16-1.5	8.7	1.29	7.65	1.66	4.75	0.71	4.45	0.727	6.12	3.82	20	5.06	0.96	0.9	0.63	1.27	4.38		211.64
	CWD16-1.6	7.49	1.11	6.42	1.33	3.67	0.535	3.33	0.522	6.43	4.03	17.7	5.4	0.84	0.94	0.7	1.13	4		187.6
	CWD16-2.1	9.82	1.39	8.39	1.93	5.45	0.791	4.84	0.792	6.24	3.85	15.2	4.87	1.12	0.83	0.44	1.59	5.85		231.47
	CWD16-2.2	15.9	2.26	13.4	2.88	7.95	1.14	6.84	1.08	6.45	3.91	19.5	5.53	1.19	0.81	0.3	1.32	4.47		311.47
	CWD16-2.4	8.22	1.21	7.07	1.49	4.11	0.599	3.72	0.592	6.47	4.07	14.7	5.2	0.67	0.95	0.68	1.23	4.26		207.08
	CWD16-2.5	7.38	1.12	6.54	1.39	3.87	0.576	3.63	0.58	6.12	3.7	7.7	4.67	0.57	0.95	0.76	1.17	3.79		182.93
	CWD16-2.6	10.9	1.59	9.58	2.1	5.93	0.87	5.35	0.849	6.83	4.37	13.7	5.56	1.35	0.87	0.53	1.38	4.75		258.55
紫檀海山	CWD10-2②	2.85	0.48	2.96	0.631	1.77	0.261	1.61	0.246	1.9	0.475	1.03	0.358	0.16	1.02	0.69	1.05	1.74		39.44
	CWD10-3	3.1	0.514	3.2	0.699	1.94	0.285	1.78	0.274	1.83	0.452	0.943	0.374	0.18	0.98	0.56	1.16	2.35		44.69
	CWD12-1①	7.02	0.982	5.94	1.33	3.68	0.517	3.04	0.479	2.01	0.752	9.07	0.67	0.42	0.79	0.18	1.66	5.09		121.4
	CWD12-2	2.32	0.391	2.4	0.526	1.49	0.223	1.4	0.216	2.39	0.815	1.61	0.59	0.39	1.15	0.81	1.11	2.39		40.04
	CWD12-3②	2.79	0.469	2.89	0.61	1.7	0.25	1.54	0.237	2.36	0.776	1.38	0.618	0.3	1.06	0.77	1.06	2.21		45.65
注：微量元素单位为10^-6；δEu= Eu_N/(Sm_N × Gd_N)^0.5，δCe= Ce_N/(La_N × Pr_N)^0.5，δY=Y_N/(Dy_N × Ho_N)^0.5。

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