Pollen and phytolith assemblages in topsoil as indicators of agricultural activities in Langqi Island, Fujian Province
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摘要:
孢粉和植硅体是重建古人类农业景观及环境变化的重要指标，明确它们在表土中的分布规律及其与现代植被组成之间的关系对于精确解释化石孢粉和植硅体数据具有重要的意义。本研究对福建琅岐岛3种土地利用类型的22个表土样品进行了孢粉与植硅体分析，基于地理信息系统和遥感技术，展示了不同类型孢粉百分比的空间分布及其与植被覆盖度间的数量对应关系。孢粉分析表明，以松属（Pinus）为代表的外来花粉普遍存在于表土样品中，这削弱了采样点周围植物的孢粉表现力，导致了果园和农田植被组成与表土孢粉组合间的巨大差异。与此同时，农业收割活动进一步降低了农田植物的花粉表现力。从遥感影像中提取的植被覆盖度数据仅与荒地上的木本植物花粉含量存在较强的相关性（R2=0.7764），这显示茂密的草本植物降低了外来木本花粉的相对含量，证明了该植被类型具有良好的孢粉表现力。植硅体分析表明，表土样品含有丰富的竹亚科（Bambusoideae）、水稻（Oryza sativa）和杂草的植硅体。与孢粉指标相比，植硅体提供了更丰富的草本植物信息。
Abstract:Pollen and phytolith are valuable proxies for reconstructing ancient agricultural landscapes and environmental changes. Understanding their distribution patterns in the topsoil and their relationship with vegetation composition is vital for accurately interpreting fossil pollen and phytolith data. We analyzed pollen and phytolith data from 22 topsoil samples representative of three land-use types in Langqi Island, Fujian Province. We presented the spatial distributions of different pollen taxa and their quantitative relationship with fractional vegetation cover (FVC) based on geographic information system and remote sensing techniques. Pollen analysis revealed that Pinus pollen, as an exotic species, were pervasive in the samples, which diluted the representation of local components, and generated obvious bias between pollen assemblages and vegetation composition of local agricultural lands. Furthermore, agricultural harvesting decreased the pollen representation of cultivated plants. The FVC extracted from remote sensing images is linearly correlated with the abundance of arboreal pollen in the uncultivated land (R2=0.7764), implying that dense herbs on the uncultivated land decreased the share of exotic arboreal pollen, and confirming excellent pollen representation of this vegetation type. Phytolith analysis indicated that numerous phytoliths occurred in the samples, such as Bambusoideae, Oryza sativa, and weeds; they provided more detailed information on non-arboreal plants than pollen proxy.
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Key words:
- pollen /
- phytolith /
- agriculture activity /
- surface soil /
- Langqi Island
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表 1 采样点位置与周边植物以及植被覆盖度
Table 1. Location of samples, surrounding plants, and FVC
编号 采样点 土地利用类型 位置 海拔/m 主要植物种类 植被覆盖度 FJLQ01 棕榈林地1 人工林、果园 26.1158°N、119.5803°E 4 棕榈、桉树 0.502 961 FJLQ02 厚皮菜地 农田 26.1161°N、119.5731°E 4 枇杷、樟科、厚皮菜、莴笋、芭蕉、
禾本科杂草0.529 258 FJLQ03 干涸鱼塘 荒地 26.1253°N、119.5864°E 3 芭蕉、禾本科杂草 0.065 274 FJLQ04 白菜菜地1 农田 26.1186°N、119.605°E 5 桉树、白菜、橙子 0.543 917 FJLQ05 荒地 荒地 26.12°N、119.6167°E 2 禾本科、菊科野草 0.357 109 FJLQ06 龙眼果园 人工林、果园 26.1103°N、119.6164°E 8 龙眼、枫香属、棕榈、禾本科野草 0.491 367 FJLQ07 水稻田 农田 26.1042°N、119.6228°E 5 水稻、桉树 0.613 628 FJLQ08 芦苇荡 荒地 26.1097°N、119.6333°E 3 芦苇、禾本科杂草 0.518 772 FJLQ10 弃耕水稻田 荒地 26.0939°N、119.6267°E 4 水稻、禾本科杂草 0.469 033 FJLQ11 花椰菜菜地1 农田 26.0911°N、119.6319°E 4 花椰菜、禾本科杂草 0.491 376 FJLQ14 棕榈林地2 人工林、果园 26.0672°N、119.6081°E 5 菊科藜科野草、棕榈科刺葵林、雅榕林 0.732 174 FJLQ15 白菜菜地2 农田 26.0792°N、119.6092°E 3 白菜、红薯、豌豆 0.460 017 FJLQ16 枣树果园 人工林、果园 26.0844°N、119.6125°E 4 枣树、橘子 0.475 803 FJLQ17 撂荒地1 荒地 26.0856°N、119.6036°E 6 禾本科、菊科、蒿属野草 0.617 381 FJLQ18 撂荒地2 荒地 26.0806°N、119.5906°E 4 栎属、鹅耳枥属、禾本科、菊科、芭蕉、旋花科 0.547 991 FJLQ19 无花果果园 人工林、果园 26.0775°N、119.5783°E 3 无花果、柚子树、甘蔗、杨桃 0.427 494 FJLQ20 枯树林 人工林、果园 26.0669°N、119.5878°E 4 枯树、枫香林、菊科、禾本科、蕨类植物 0.696 931 FJLQ21 大花田菁林地 人工林、果园 26.0728°N、119.565°E 3 大花田菁、蓝花楹、香桃木、芭蕉、柳树 0.569 948 FJLQ22 撂荒地3 荒地 26.0922°N、119.5581°E 3 菊科、禾本科、乌桕、芦苇、白菜、红薯 0.511 86 FJLQ23 橘子、火龙果果园 人工林、果园 26.0881°N、119.5669°E 10 火龙果、橘子、豌豆、芭蕉、红薯、甘蔗 0.580 022 FJLQ24 橘子果园 人工林、果园 26.0933°N、119.5844°E 10 橘子、芋头、花椰菜、芭蕉、桉树、木麻黄 0.381 408 FJLQ25 花椰菜菜地2 农田 26.0978°N、119.5992°E 3 花椰菜、芭蕉、榕树、台湾相思树 0.609 647 
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