黄河三角洲刁口叶瓣堆积过程

邢吕阳; 李广雪; 刘思雨; 李浩楠; 潘煜峰

doi:10.16562/j.cnki.0256-1492.2023040901

黄河三角洲刁口叶瓣堆积过程

1.
中国海洋大学海底科学与探测技术教育部重点实验室，青岛 266100

2.
中国海洋大学未来海洋学院，青岛 266100

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金创新群体项目“海底古地貌动态重建”(42121005)

详细信息

作者简介: 邢吕阳（1997—），男，硕士研究生，主要从事海洋沉积学研究，E-mail：21200411610@stu.ouc.edu.cn

通讯作者: 李广雪（1962—），男，教授，主要从事海洋地质研究，E-mail：gxli1962@163.com

中图分类号: P736.21

收稿日期: 2023-04-09

修回日期: 2023-04-21

录用日期: 2023-04-21

刊出日期: 2023-08-28

Formation of the Diaokou Lobe in Yellow River Delta

1.
Key Lab of Submarine Geosciences and Prospecting Techniques, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China

2.
Academy of the Future Ocean, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China

More Information

Corresponding author: LI Guangxue, gxli1962@163.com

Received Date: 09 April 2023

Revised Date: 21 April 2023

Accepted Date: 21 April 2023

Publish Date: 28 August 2023

摘要

摘要:
黄河三角洲刁口叶瓣于1964—1976年间堆积而成，中国大型滩浅海油田—埕岛油田在这个叶瓣上建设开发，该叶瓣的形成过程与地层结构对海洋工程建设影响较大。根据多年历史测深资料，研究了刁口叶瓣形成期间河口摆动与堆积体演变过程，依据堆积中心的位置变化明确了古河口摆动规律。1964—1966年河口及堆积体在叶瓣西侧发育，在柯氏力作用下，河口逐渐NNE向摆动，堆积中心移动到叶瓣东侧；1975—1976年，由于河道摆动曲率过大引发失稳，河道取直后堆积中心又回到叶瓣西侧。根据堆积速率和河口位置将形成期分为3个阶段：近岸堆积阶段（1964—1966年）、整体堆积阶段（1966—1975年）和调整堆积阶段（1975—1976年）。受黄河海港附近M₂无潮点影响下的强潮流场控制，刁口叶瓣东侧在形成早期和末期存在局部冲刷作用，而叶瓣西侧是三角洲形成期堆积最活跃的区域。
- 堆积中心 /
- 河口摆动 /
- 刁口叶瓣 /
- 黄河三角洲
Abstract:
The Diaokou Lobe in Yellow River Delta was formed from 1964 to 1976 under human intervention at the beginning, on which the Chengdao Oilfield, a large beach shallow-sea oil field in China, was constructed and developed. The formation and stratum structure of the lobe have a great impact on marine construction of the oil field. Therefore, the multiple historical sounding data were collected and analyzed, from which the process of estuarine oscillation and sedimentation evolution during the formation of the Diaokou Lobe were anatomized. Based on the changes in the position of the sedimentation center, the estuarine oscillation pattern of the lobe in the past was clarified. From 1964 to 1966, estuary deposits were developed in the west flank of the lobe. Under the Coriolis force, the river mouth gradually moved towards NNE and the sedimentation center moved to the east of the lobe. From 1975 to 1976, due to the instability resulted from excessive swing curvature of river channel, the river channel was cut straight artificially, and afterward the sedimentation center returned to the west side of the lobe. The lobe formation could be divided into three stages based on the accumulation rate and river mouth position: nearshore accumulation (1964—1966), overall accumulation (1966—1975), and adjusting accumulation (1975—1976). Controlled by the strong tidal flow field by the M₂ tidal point near the Yellow River Seaport, local erosion took place on the eastern flank of the Diaokou Lobe in the early and late stages of the lobe formation period, while the western flank of the lobe was the most active accumulation area in the delta during the lobe formation.
- sedimentation center /
- river mouth shifting /
- Diaokou Lobe /
- Yellow River delta

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图 1 黄河三角洲研究选区

Figure 1.

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图 2 黄河利津水文站逐月平均水沙量占全年的百分比

Figure 2.

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图 3 刁口叶瓣岸线与河道演化

Figure 3.

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图 4 固定点水深变化

Figure 4.

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图 5 刁口叶瓣堆积体厚度变化

Figure 5.

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表 1 刁口叶瓣形成期造陆统计

Table 1. Statistics of epeirogeny during the formation of the Diaokou Lobe

参数	1964年汛期	1965—1968 年	1968—1972 年	1972—1976 年
造陆速度/(km²/a)	157.20	54.70	26.28	31.33
年输沙量/(10⁸t/a)	19.00	13.48	7.23	9.74
造陆效率λ/(km²/10⁸t)	8.27	4.06	3.63	3.22

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表 2 刁口叶瓣形成期堆积统计

Table 2. Statistics of accumulation in the Diaokou Lobe formatin

参数	近岸堆积	整体堆积	调整堆积
堆积比例Δ_max/(10⁸t·m⁻¹·a⁻¹)	2.51	0.85	1.72
堆积速度/(10⁸m³/a)	5.50	3.40	3.45
输沙量/(10⁸t/a)	13.38	10.19	8.62
含沙量/(kg/m³)	23.71	27.50	20.24
堆积效率γ/%	30.14	36.70	44.03

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