Subduction plate boundary thrust system and dynamic characteristics in the Western Pacific
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摘要:
俯冲带是地球上最大地震的发源地。俯冲板块正断层为海水进入上地幔，引起蛇纹石化提供通道，其地震可能引发大海啸。研究其动力学机制，对推动俯冲带动力学过程研究及保护人类生命安全都具有重要意义。本文综述了西太平洋汤加海沟、马里亚纳海沟、伊豆-小笠原海沟和日本海沟俯冲板块外缘隆起带到海沟附近的正断层分布与变形特征，定量化阐明了地球动力学模拟方法揭示的西太平洋俯冲板块正断层形成过程。研究发现汤加海沟和马里亚纳海沟的正断层平均断距最大；俯冲板片有效弹性厚度变化直接影响正断层形成区域，而有效弹性厚度与板块年龄相关性较大。本文系统性回顾了西太平洋俯冲动力学研究并且提出了对未来相关研究的启示。
Abstract:The majority of the world's greatest earthquakes are generated in subduction zones. Normal faults in subducting plates provide pathways for seawater intrusion, which facilitates mantle serpentinization and consequently triggers seismic activities or large tsunamis. The formation mechanisms of these normal faults need to be better understood to advance the understanding of subduction zone dynamics and ensuring human life safety. This paper reviews the characteristics of normal faults and deformation of subducting plates in the Tonga Trench, Mariana Trench, Izu-Bonin Trench, and Japan Trench in the western Pacific Ocean, describe in quantitative detail the formation of bending-related normal faults through geodynamic modeling. The study finds that the Tonga Trench and Mariana Trench exhibit the largest average fault throws among these subduction systems. The variations in effective elastic thickness of the subducting plate directly influence the distribution of normal faulting region. There is a significant correlation between plate effective elastic thickness and plate age. This paper provides a systematic review of research on the dynamics of the Western Pacific subduction zone and offers insights for future studies in this field.
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Key words:
- subduction zone /
- normal fault /
- geodynamics /
- Western Pacific
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