Study on Mineral Processing Technology of Complex Polymetallic Lead-Copper-Zinc Sulfide Ores from Inner Mongolia
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摘要:
对内蒙古某复杂多金属铅铜锌矿进行了工艺矿物学和选矿工艺研究。结果表明，矿石中有价元素为Cu、Pb、Zn、Ag，铜铅锌各矿物间相互交代、包裹，其中方铅矿与黄铜矿为包裹关系，且被包裹的方铅矿粒度不均匀；方铅矿与闪锌矿多为连生关系，两者之间接触面比较光滑平直，较容易解离，银矿物则共伴生于这些金属矿物之中，因此采用铜铅混浮-铜铅分离-尾矿选锌的工艺流程。最后共获得3种精矿产品，铜精矿中Cu、Ag品位分别为18.41%、594.82 g/t，回收率分别为86.53%、25.30%；铅精矿中Pb、Ag品位分别为 62.70%、428.05 g/t，回收率分别为85.01%、54.62%；锌精矿中Zn、Ag品位分别为28.12%、165.75 g/t，回收率分别为59.99%、4.80%；银总回收率达到84.72%，实现了矿石中有价元素的综合回收。
Abstract:Mineral processing technology and technological mineralogy were studied complex polymetallic lead-copper-zinc sulfide ores from Inner Mongolia. Findings show that the valuable elements in the ore are Cu, Pb, Zn and Ag, and the copper, lead and zinc minerals are metasomatized and wrapped each other, among which galena and chalcopyrite are wrapped, and the particle size of the wrapped galena is not uniform. Galena and sphalerite are mostly in continuous relationship, and the contact surface between them is smooth and straight, which is easy to separate. The silver mineral is associated with these metal minerals, so the ores was used by the technological process of mixed flotation of copper and lead, separation of copper and lead and zinc flotation from tailings. Finally, a total of 3 concentrate products were obtained. In the copper concentrate, the average grades of Cu and Ag were 18.41% and 594.82 g/t with 86.53% and 25.30% recovery rates. In the lead concentrate, the average grades of Pb and Ag were 62.70% and 428.05 g/t with 85.01% and 54.62% recovery rates. In the zinc concentrate, the average grades of Zn and Ag were 28.12% and 165.75 g/t with 59.99% and 4.80% recovery rates; The total recovery of silver reached 84.72%, which realized the comprehensive recovery of valuable elements in ore.
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表 1 矿石组成成分、含量及其粒度
Table 1. Mineral composition, content, and dissemination size of the raw ore
矿物名称 含量/% 粒度/μm 方铅矿 2.3 10~200 闪锌矿 0.5 - 黄铜矿 0.4 <500 磁黄铁矿 18.3 20~700 黄铁矿 0.8 <300 褐铁矿 0.1 - 石英 58.7 15~200 白云母 8.2 20×1~200×50 碳酸盐矿物 9.9 <0.4 
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表 2 原矿化学多元素分析结果/%
Table 2. Analysis results of multi-elements of the raw ore
Cu TFe mFe S MgO Ag* Mn Co As 0.20 12.42 7.98 3.51 0.40 22.10 0.10 0.0076 0.076 Ni SiO2 Zn P Pb Au* Al2O3 CaO W 0.02 67.55 0.30 0.36 2.08 0.10 3.64 1.37 0.05 *单位为g/t。
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表 3 铜物相分析结果
Table 3. Results of Cu phase analysis
矿物名称 硫化物中铜 次生硫化物中铜 结合氧化铜中铜 自由氧化物中铜 合计 含量/% 0.16 0.037 0.0015 0.0015 0.20 分布率/% 79.75 18.41 0.92 0.92 100.00
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表 4 铅物相分析结果
Table 4. Results of Pb phase analysis
矿物名称 氧化物中铅 硫化物中铅 结合铅中铅 合计 含量/% 0.09 1.85 0.14 2.08 分布率/% 4.27 89.02 6.71 100.00
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表 5 捕收剂种类及用量实验结果
Table 5. Test results of collector types and dosage
捕收剂种类及用量/（g·t-1） 产率
/%品位/% 回收率/% Cu Pb Zn Cu Pb Zn 乙硫氮30 乙黄药30 9.20 1.82 19.67 0.47 88.13 88.28 14.91 乙硫氮30 丁黄药30 9.05 1.95 20.36 0.52 88.50 88.61 15.64 丁胺黑药30 乙黄药30 11.90 1.45 14.99 0.85 86.57 85.75 33.72 丁胺黑药30 丁黄药30 10.60 1.65 16.86 0.71 87.47 85.93 25.09
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表 6 铜铅分离抑制剂用量实验结果
Table 6. Test results of copper-lead separation inhibitor dosage
抑制剂CMC+Na2SO3(1:2)用量/（g·t-1） 产品名称 产率/% 品位/% 作业回收率/% Cu Pb Zn Cu Pb Zn 0 铜精矿 55.70 6.65 31.22 0.32 89.95 67.90 24.39 铅精矿 44.30 0.93 18.56 1.23 10.05 32.10 75.61 150 铜精矿 42.03 8.93 35.85 0.41 91.10 58.83 23.93 铅精矿 57.97 0.65 18.05 0.93 9.90 41.17 76.07 250 铜精矿 32.84 11.49 19.53 0.47 91.58 25.04 21.43 铅精矿 67.16 0.56 28.60 0.86 9.42 74.96 79.57 350 铜精矿 30.91 12.14 24.47 0.52 91.08 28.84 22.32 铅精矿 69.09 0.48 26.21 0.81 9.92 71.16 77.68
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表 7 铜铅混合浮选尾矿选锌开路实验结果
Table 7. Open-circuit flotation test results of zinc separation from Cu-Pb flotation tailings
产品名称 产率
/%品位/% 回收率/% Cu Pb Zn Cu Pb Zn 锌精矿 0.59 0.16 0.58 27.33 3.79 1.32 57.85 精1尾 3.61 0.05 0.37 0.63 7.23 5.14 8.12 精2尾 3.49 0.03 0.43 0.56 4.19 5.77 6.98 精3尾 1.19 0.08 0.51 2.96 3.79 2.33 12.53 扫1精 1.06 0.21 1.41 0.44 8.94 5.76 1.66 尾 矿 90.06 0.02 0.23 0.04 72.06 79.68 12.86 铜锌混合浮选尾矿 100 0.025 0.26 0.28 100.00 100.00 100.00
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表 8 闭路实验结果
Table 8. Results of a closed-circuit flotation test
产 品
名 称产率
/%品位/% 回收率/% Cu Pb Zn Ag* Cu Pb Zn Ag 铜精矿 0.94 18.41 4.05 0.95 594.82 86.53 1.83 2.98 25.30 铅精矿 2.82 0.28 62.70 0.53 428.05 3.95 85.01 4.98 54.62 锌精矿 0.64 0.21 1.37 28.12 165.75 0.67 0.42 59.99 4.80 尾矿 95.60 0.02 0.28 0.10 3.53 8.85 12.74 32.05 15.28 原矿 100.00 0.20 2.08 0.30 22.10 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 *单位为：g/t。
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