New Technology for Efficient Resource Utilization of Red Mud from Bayer Process
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摘要:
介绍了拜尔法赤泥的组成成分、性质、利用现状及高效资源化利用新技术。赤泥主要含铁、铝、硅、钙、钠、钛、氧和少量或微量钪、钒、锆、钽、铌等稀有金属，其成分复杂，矿物粒度细，物理分选困难；以往采用的赤泥冶化处理技术又因其回收元素的品位偏低和其含硅、钙过高而难以产生效益，大规模利用赤泥的工业技术至今在国内外仍没有取得突破性进展。为此，作者开发了一种新技术：赤泥用稀盐酸浸出，所得矿浆经沉降分离后得到复合型净水剂产品和浸出渣，浸出渣经磁选得到铁精矿产品和富钛渣，富钛渣用硫酸循环浸出，得到富钛液和硫酸浸出渣，从富钛液中回收钛、钪、钒，余液用于生产聚合硫酸铁铝，硫酸浸出渣可作为提取锆、钽、铌原料，或作为建材原料。本法工艺简单，能耗低，原辅材料便宜易得，产品市埸需求量大，具有显著的社会、经济和环保效益。
Abstract:The composition, properties, present utilization situation and new technology of high efficient utilization of red mud from Bayer process are introduced. The red mud mainly contains Fe, Al, Si, Ca, Na, Ti, O and a few rare metals such as Sc, V, Zr, Ta and Nb, etc. Because of the low grade of the recovered elements and the high content of silicon and calcium, it is difficult to produce benefit in the past red mud metallurgical treatment technology. Therefore, the author developed a new technology: Leach red mud with dilute hydrochloric acid, then the pulp is seperated by sedimentation to obtain a compound water purifying agent product and Leach residue, and the leach residue is magnetically separated to obtain iron concentrate product and titanium-rich slag, the titanium-rich slag is recirculated leached with sulfuric acid to obtain the titanium-rich liquid and the sulfuric acid leached slag. The titanium, scandium and vanadium are recovered from the titanium-rich liquid. The method has the advantages of simple process, low energy consumption, cheap raw and auxiliary materials, large market demand and remarkable social, economic and environmental benefits.
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