Study on Heavy Metal Migration and Optimal Allocation of Water Resources in Tailing Pond
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摘要:
基于安徽铜陵某金属尾矿库污染重金属对矿区及周边地下含水层造成的潜在威胁，通过对土壤样品进行淋溶实验分析、水质模型建立、地下水位预测，最后提出水资源优化配置方案。结果表明：土壤中主要重金属元素的淋溶浓度随着pH值的降低或Ca2+的增多均存在升高的趋势，而其中Pb元素基本无法淋出，通过与当地背景值对比，矿区重金属元素的淋溶危害性较低；通过MODFLOW模块进行地下水流模拟可得矿坑停排后欲达到80 m动态平衡约需63.5年；通过MT3DMS模块进行溶质运移模拟可得浅层地下水向西运移，深层地下水向南和东方向运移。基于以上研究，对矿坑水和人工湖用水进行优化配置，为铜陵矿区水资源利用提供科学依据，并为其他类似矿区提供了参考价值。
Abstract:Based on the potential threat of heavy metal pollution from a metal tailings pond in Tongling, Anhui Province to the mining area and the surrounding underground aquifer, the leaching test analysis of soil samples, the modeling of water quality and the prediction of groundwater level were carried out. The optimal allocation scheme of water resources was proposed finally. The results showed that the leaching concentration of major heavy metal elements in the soil tended to increase with the decrease of pH value or the increase of Ca2+ concentration, while Pb elements could not be leached out. By comparing with the local background value, the leaching toxicity of heavy metal elements in the mining area was relatively low. By simulating the underground flow through the MODFLOW module, it can be concluded that it takes about 63.5 years for the dynamic balance of 80 m level to be reached after the mine is stopped discharging. The transport of shallow groundwater to the west and deep groundwater to the south and east can be obtained by simulating solute transport through MT3DMS module. Based on the above research, the optimal allocation of mine water and artificial lake water was carried out, which provided scientific basis for the utilization of water resources in Tongling Mining area and reference value for other similar mining areas.
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Key words:
- Heavy metal /
- Leaching /
- Dynamic equilibrium /
- Solute transport /
- Optimize the allocation of water resources /
- Tailings
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表 1 测试方法及仪器统计
Table 1. Test methods and instrument statistics
污染元素 测试方法 测试仪器 检测标准 镉、铅、铜、锌 ICP-MS（电感耦合等离子体质谱法） 等离子体质谱仪 电感耦合等离子体质谱法DZ/T 0279 .3-2016 铬 XRF（X-射线荧光光谱法） X射线荧光光谱仪 X射线荧光光谱法DZ/T 0279 .1-2016 砷 HG-AFS（氢化物-原子荧光光谱法） 原子荧光光度计 氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法DZ/T 0279.13-2016 汞 蒸汽发生-冷原子荧光光谱法DZ/T 0279 .17-2016 
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表 2 土壤中主要重金属元素测定结果
Table 2. Determination results of main heavy metal elements in soil
重金属含量/(mg·kg-1) As Cd Cr Cu Hg Pb Zn 土壤样品 32.129 3.263 18.957 420.060 1.170 5.396 446.125 标准值 70 20 1000 500 20 600 700
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