Distribution and Supply of Antimony Resources in China and Abroad and Development Status of Antimony Industry Chain
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摘要:
锑是用途广泛且不可替代的重要工业生产原材料。随着蓄电池、阻燃剂、合金、半导体、催化剂、微晶玻璃、化工等工业的发展和军事领域应用的发展，加上新冠疫情对全球社会经济的影响和国际环境的不确定性，锑的战略地位凸显。本文系统总结了国内外锑的分布、供需、产业链现状和未来发展趋势。研究显示，我国的锑资源占据优势地位，我国锑产量大、资源消耗大，我国锑产业链高端产品占比不高，未来十年全球对锑的总体需求将保持稳定。提出加大国内锑矿找矿力度、加强国外资源开发力度、加大研发投入力度、推进锑行业绿色发展、加强产业链整合、推动应用端高质量发展、制定战略储备制度、实施锑资源战略储备等建议。
Abstract:Antimony is an important raw material for industrial production which is widely used and irreplaceable. With the development of lead battery, flame retardant, alloy, semiconductor, catalyst, microcrystalline glass, chemical, military and other industries, coupled with the impact of the new crown epidemic on the global social and economic and international environmental uncertainty, strategic position of antimonyis highlighted. This paper systematically summarizes the distribution and supply, industry chain status and future development trend of antimony in China and abroad. The research shows that China's antimony resources occupy a dominant position, China's antimony has high production and consumption, the proportion of high-end products in China's antimony industry chain is not high, the demand for antimony resources has a strong growth space, and worldwide demand for antimony will remain stable over the next decade. Suggestions on strengthening domestic antimony prospecting, strengthening foreign resources development, increasing technology research and development, promoting green development of antimony industry, trengthening industrial chain integration, promoting high-quality development of application end, formulating strategic reserve system, implementing strategic reserve of antimony resources are put forward.
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Key words:
- Antimony /
- Strategic menerals /
- Industry chain /
- Distribution and supply
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表 1 2010~2020年全球锑资源储量
Table 1. Worldwide antimony reserves from 2010 to 2020
年份 储量/万t 美国 澳大利亚 玻利维亚 加拿大 中国 吉尔吉斯斯坦 墨西哥 巴基斯坦 俄罗斯 南非 塔吉克斯坦 土耳其 其他国家 全球总数 2010 − − 31 − 95 − − − 35 2.1 5 − 15 180 2011 − − 31 − 95 − − − 35 2.1 5 − 15 180 2012 − − 31 − 95 − − − 35 2.7 5 − 15 180 2013 − − 31 − 95 − − − 35 2.7 5 − 15 180 2014 − − 31 − 95 − − − 35 2.7 5 − 15 180 2015 6 14 31 − 95 − − − 35 2.7 5 − 10 200 2016 6 16 31 − 53 − 1.8 − 35 2.7 5 − − 150 2017 6 14 31 − 48 − 1.8 − 35 2.7 5 10 − 150 2018 6 14 31 − 48 − 1.8 − 35 − 5 10 − 150 2019 6 14 31 − 48 − 1.8 2.6 35 − 5 10 − 150 2020 6 14 31 7.8 48 26 1.8 2.6 35 − 5 10 − 190 来源：美国地质调查局 
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表 2 2010~2020年全球锑产量/万t
Table 2. Worldwide antimony production from 2010 to 2020
年份 玻利维亚 缅甸 中国 俄罗斯 塔吉克斯坦 土耳其 其他国家 全球总数 2010 0.5 0.0 15.0 0.3 0.2 0.0 0.7 16.7 2011 0.4 0.0 15.0 0.3 0.2 0.0 1.9 17.8 2012 0.4 0.0 14.5 0.7 0.2 0.0 1.7 17.4 2013 0.5 0.9 12.0 0.7 0.5 0.0 0.8 15.4 2014 0.6 0.3 12.0 0.9 0.5 0.5 1.1 15.8 2015 0.4 0.3 11.0 0.9 0.8 0.3 0.5 14.2 2016 0.3 0.3 10.8 0.8 1.4 0.4 0.8 14.8 2017 0.3 0.1 9.8 1.4 1.4 0.2 0.5 13.7 2018 0.3 0.3 9.0 3.0 1.5 0.2 0.4 14.7 2019 0.3 0.6 8.9 3.0 2.8 0.2 0.4 16.2 2020 0.3 0.6 8.0 3.0 2.8 0.2 0.4 15.3 来源：美国地质调查局
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