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摘要:
山东某地金矿平均含Au 0.8～1.0 g/t，属低品位金矿。由于矿石含金较低，为降低选矿成本，有效回收有价金属，对矿石进行详细的工艺矿物学研究。研究发现，该矿石自然类型为石英黄铁矿脉，工业类型为中硫金矿石。矿石中金属矿物主要为硫化物，以黄铁矿为主，次为方铅矿、闪锌矿，含少量黄铜矿等，非金属矿物主要为石英、绢云母等。矿石中黄铁矿粒度较粗，方铅矿、闪锌矿、黄铜矿等粒度较细，黄铁矿、方铅矿等与金关系较密切，是金的主要载体矿物。自然金主要为细粒金，多呈包裹体分布。根据工艺矿物学研究结果，建议采用“重选+浮选”工艺流程，不但取得较高的精矿指标，且降低了选矿成本。
Abstract:The gold mine in a certain place in Shandong contains 0.8～1.0 g/t Au on average, which is a low-grade gold mine. Because the ore contains low gold, in order to reduce the cost of beneficiation and effectively recover valuable metals, detailed process mineralogical research is carried out on the ore. The study found that the natural type of the ore is quartz pyrite veins, and the industrial type is medium-sulfur gold ore. The metal minerals in the ore are mainly sulfides, mainly pyrite, followed by galena, sphalerite, and a small amount of chalcopyrite. Non-metallic minerals are mainly quartz, sericite, etc. In the ore, the particle size of pyrite is relatively coarse, and the particle size of galena, sphalerite, chalcopyrite, etc. is relatively fine. Pyrite and galena are closely related to gold and are the main carrier minerals for gold. Natural gold is mainly fine-grained gold, mostly distributed in inclusions. According to the research results of process mineralogy, it is recommended to adopt the "gravity separation + flotation" process, which not only achieves higher concentrate indicators, but also reduces the cost of mineral processing.
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Key words:
- Low-grade gold ore /
- Technological mineralogy /
- Occurrence state /
- Dissemination size
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表 1 原矿多元素分析结果/%
Table 1. Analysis results of chemical multielement of the ore
Au* Ag* Pb Zn Cu TFe S SiO2 CaO Al2O3 MgO K2O Na2O As* 0.92 4.90 0.24 0.23 0.18 14.83 6.03 57.42 2.5 6.42 1.05 0.46 0.10 1.08 *单位为 g/t。 
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表 2 矿物组成及相对含量统计
Table 2. Phase analysis of mineral composition
名称 黄铁矿 方铅矿 闪锌矿 黄铜矿 相对含量/% 25.78 1.35 1.00 0.20 名称 石英 绢云母 其他 合计 相对含量/% 57.42 11.10 3.15 100.00
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表 3 原矿金物相分析结果
Table 3. Phase analysis of gold sample
名 称 自然金 硫化物包裹金 氧化物包裹金 合计 含量/(g·t-1) 0.17 0.46 0.29 0.92 占有率/% 18.48 50.00 31.52 100.00
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表 4 原矿铁物相分析结果
Table 4. Phase analysis of iron ore sample
名 称 磁性铁 硫化铁 赤铁矿 其他铁 全铁 含量/% 0.30 7.29 2.80 2.49 12.88 占有率/% 2.33 56.60 21.74 19.33 100.00
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表 5 主要金属矿物粒度分析结果
Table 5. Metallic mineral grain size analysis
粒径区间/mm 黄铁矿 方铅矿 闪锌矿 +0.1 76.34 41.78 40.28 -0.1+0.074 10.15 27.62 28.55 -0.074+0.053 8.20 16.23 16.02 -0.053+0.037 4.02 8.22 8.45 -0.037+0.01 1.21 4.15 6.42 -0.01 0.08 0.20 0.28 合计 100.00 100.00 100.00
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表 6 光片中明金粒度分析结果
Table 6. Gold grain size analysis in light section
粒径/mm 形态 赋存状态 0.031×0.013 麦粒状 黄铁矿包裹体 0.019×0.010 麦粒状 黄铁矿包裹体 0.019×0.010 角砾状 黄铁矿与方铅矿晶隙 0.017×0.009 枝杈状 石英间隙
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表 7 重选设备实验结果
Table 7. Test results of gravity separation equipment
重选设备 产率/% 品位/（g·t-1） 回收率/% 矿砂摇床 1.28 22.45 47.33 螺旋溜槽 1.02 25.21 38.84 悬震锥面选矿机 1.25 28.28 44.14 尼尔森离心机 2.05 23.63 60.38
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