Research progresses on marine sandstone copper deposit and some existent problems A comparative study of the Katanga copper mine in Central Africa and the Dongchuan copper mine in Yunnan
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摘要:
海相砂岩型铜矿床是世界铜矿床主要类型之一，多产于新元古代和二叠纪的大型沉积盆地中。矿体通常呈层状、似层状赋存于碎屑岩或海相碳酸盐岩地层中，具多层位成矿特征。根据海相砂岩型铜矿的研究现状，从成矿物质来源和成矿流体性质、来源、运移、金属元素的沉淀机制等方面，综述中非加丹加铜矿带和云南东川铜矿带近年的研究成果，发现盆地卤水成矿模式逐渐替代了原来的沉积-改造模式，具有后生成矿特征。2个铜矿带属于元古宙砂页岩-白云质碳酸盐岩-黑色炭质页岩含铜建造，矿体具明显层控特征，受褶皱、断层和角砾岩的控制。通过2个铜矿带的含矿建造、矿化特征等对比，发现东川铜矿与中非加丹加铜矿有高度的相似性，具有盆地卤水成矿模式的特征。最后对海相砂岩型铜矿和东川铜矿的成因类型、成矿机制、流体来源等问题进行了讨论。
Abstract:Marine sandstone-hosted copper deposits constitute one of the most important copper deposits in the world, and most of them occur in giant Neoproterozoic and Permian sedimentary basins.The orebodies are usually stratified and stratoid in clastic or marine carbonate rock formations with multi-layered metallogenic characteristics.Based on the research status of marine sandstone-hosted copper deposits, the authors reviewed the research results of the Katanga copper belt and the Dongchuan copper belt discovered in recent years in the aspects of metallogenic material source, metallogenic fluid property, source, transportation and metal element precipitation mechanism, and found that the basin-brine-metallogenic model of epigenetic mineralization has gradually replaced the original sedimentary-transform model.Two copper deposit belts belong to the Proterozoic sand shales-dolomitic carbonate-black carbonaceous shales.The orebody has obvious stratigraphic characteristics, and is controlled by fold, fault and breccia.A comparison of the two copper belts in the aspects of ore-bearing structure and mineralization characteristics reveals that the Dongchuan copper deposit has a high degree of similarity to the Katanga copper deposit in that they both have the characteristics of basin-brine-metallogenic model.Then, the existing problems in the study of genetic type, metallogenic mechanism and fluid source from marine sandstone copper deposit and the Dongchuan copper deposit are discussed.
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Key words:
- sandstone copper deposit /
- basin brine /
- evaporate /
- Katanga copper deposit /
- Dongchuan copper deposit
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表 1 中非铜矿带与东川铜矿成因观点
Table 1. Genetic view of central Africabelt and the Dongchuan copper deposit
中非铜矿带 东川铜矿 年代 成因观点 观点代表 年代 主要成因观点 观点代表 20世纪初 岩浆侵入热液成因 20世纪60—80年代 基性岩奖热液成因 20世纪30—40年代 同沉积成因 沉积-变质学说 海相喷流-沉积成因 文献[45-46] 20世纪80年代 裂谷成矿模式 元古宙裂谷型铜矿成矿：“四层楼”式矿床模式 文献[38, 52] 20世纪90年代至今 沉积-改造成因：同生沉积作用是主成矿阶段 文献[15-18, 34-35, 44] 20世纪90年代至今 沉积-改造成因 文献[40, 47, 51, 53] “沉积-活化改造” 文献[41, 48-49] 热液成因 文献[50] 海相砂岩型铜矿(盆地卤水成矿) 文献[1, 3, 5, 7-8, 19] 海相砂岩型铜矿(盆地卤水成矿) 文献[6, 10, 24] 
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