The discovery of the Dahebian PbZn deposit in Tianzhu area of Guizhou Province and its prospecting significance
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摘要:
大河边重晶石矿床是一个世界级的超大型重晶石矿床。最近在该区重晶石矿床下部的震旦系陡山沱组碳酸盐岩（白云岩）和碎屑岩中，新发现一套规模较大、层位产出稳定的铅锌矿化。铅锌矿体和重晶石矿床具有"上部为重晶矿，下部为铅锌硫化物矿床"的矿化特征。铅锌矿段矿石矿物主要为闪锌矿、黄铁矿及方铅矿，含少量白铁矿、黄铜矿及磁黄铁矿；脉石矿物主要为石英和重晶石，少量白云石、热液磷灰石、炭沥青及钡冰长石。成矿流体特征类似于形成沉积喷流型铅锌矿床的流体特征。铅锌矿化中的硫源自局限海盆内早寒武世海水经硫酸盐还原作用提供。此种类似于喷流沉积型铅锌矿床在南华裂谷盆地一带矿化层位稳定、分布范围较广泛，体现早寒武世时在裂谷盆地内存在一次大规模的热液事件。天柱大河边铅锌矿床的发现具有重要的资源意义及区内该种矿床的勘查意义。
Abstract:The Dahebian barite deposit is a world-class superlarge barite deposit. Beneath this deposit, a new zinc-lead deposit was discovered. Sulfide ores are mainly discordant but stratabound in the Doushantuo Formation that consists of micrite dolomite and carbonaceous mudstone. This type of zinc-lead mineralization has a close spatial relationship with the stratiform barite mineralization. The sulfide ores primarily contain sphalerite, pyrite and galena, with minor amounts of marcasite, chalcopyrite and pyrrhotite. The gangue minerals primarily consist of quartz, barite and minor calcite, bitumen and hydrothermal apatite, and trace amounts of hyalophane. Ore-forming fluids in this deposit are similar to fluids in the sedimentary exhalative zinclead deposit. The sulfur in the Dahebian zinclead deposit was derived from the Early Cambrian restricted seawater column through sulfate reduction processes. The stable occurrence of this type of sulfide and barite mineralization along the Nanhua rift basin suggests that giant hydrothermal fluid exhalative event occurred during the early Cambrian period in this basin. The discovery of the Dahebian zinclead deposit has an important prospecting significance in this area.
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表 1 大河边铅锌矿床流体包裹体测温数据
Table 1. Fluid inclusion data of the Dahebian zinc-lead deposit
矿物 测试数量 冰点/℃ 均一温度/℃ 盐度/% NaCleqv. 闪锌矿 21 -1.2~-24.4 (-9.9) 142~255 (190) 2.1~25.6 (11.6) 石英 21 -7.6~ -1.5 (-3.4) 165~353 (256) 2.6~11.2 (5.4) 重晶石 24 -1.5~ -11.4 (-5.8) 142~198 (170) 2.6~15.4 (8.6) 注：数据表中，括号内为平均值，其前面为相应数据的范围 
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表 2 大河边铅锌矿床及重晶石矿床的硫同位素特征
Table 2. Sulfur isotope composition of the Dahebian zinc-lead deposit and the barite deposit
样品号 矿物 δ34SVCDT/‰ GS-2 重晶石 39.4 GS-3 重晶石 39.0 DHB-1 重晶石 42.4 H2 重晶石 32.3 H10 重晶石 48.3 H37 黄铁矿 30.0 H48 黄铁矿 17.5 H75 重晶石 57.4 H75-1 黄铁矿 22.4 H83 细晶黄铁矿 19.1 H83-1 粗晶黄铁矿 19.2 H97 细晶黄铁矿 21.2 H103 闪锌矿 21.6 H111 细晶黄铁矿 19.4 H117 黄铁矿 20.8 H117 闪锌矿 17.9 H121 黄铁矿 25.3 H121 闪锌矿 19.2 H127 黄铁矿 25.4 H127 棕色闪锌矿 14.3 02-1 米黄色闪锌矿 21.1 02-1 重晶石 29.5 H87-1 粗晶黄铁矿 20.2
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